Anticonvulsant Effects of Topiramate and Lacosamide on Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilepticus in Rats: A Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and Inflammation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Number of Motor Seizures during SE
2.2. Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in the Hippocampus
2.3. IL-1β and TNF-α Levels in the Hippocampus
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Reagents
4.2. Animals
4.3. Experimental Design and Induction of Status Epilepticus
4.4. Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in the Hippocampus
4.4.1. Preparation of Tissue Homogenate
4.4.2. SOD Activity Assay
4.4.3. CAT Activity Assay
4.4.4. GSH Assay
4.4.5. MDA Assay
4.4.6. Protein Content
4.5. Measurement of IL-1β and TNF-α
4.6. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AEDs | antiepileptic drugs |
AMPA | α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid |
ANOVA | analysis of variance |
CAT | catalase |
DTNB | 5,5′-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid |
GABA | γ-aminobutyric acid |
GPx | glutathione peroxidase |
GR | glutathione reductase |
GSH | reduced glutathione |
IL-1β | interleukin-1β |
IL-6 | interleukin-6 |
KA | kainic acid |
LCM | lacosamide |
MDA | malondialdehyde |
NBT | nitroblue tetrazolium |
NMDA | N-methyl-d-aspartate |
Pilo | pilocarpine |
PMS | phenazine methosulfate |
ROS | reactive oxygen species |
SE | status epilepticus |
SOD | superoxide dismutase |
TBA | thiobarbituric acid |
TCA | trichloroacetic acid |
TNF-α | tumor necrosis factor-α |
TPM | topiramate |
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Shishmanova-Doseva, M.; Peychev, L.; Yoanidu, L.; Uzunova, Y.; Atanasova, M.; Georgieva, K.; Tchekalarova, J. Anticonvulsant Effects of Topiramate and Lacosamide on Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilepticus in Rats: A Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and Inflammation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 2264. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052264
Shishmanova-Doseva M, Peychev L, Yoanidu L, Uzunova Y, Atanasova M, Georgieva K, Tchekalarova J. Anticonvulsant Effects of Topiramate and Lacosamide on Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilepticus in Rats: A Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and Inflammation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(5):2264. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052264
Chicago/Turabian StyleShishmanova-Doseva, Michaela, Lyudmil Peychev, Lyubka Yoanidu, Yordanka Uzunova, Milena Atanasova, Katerina Georgieva, and Jana Tchekalarova. 2021. "Anticonvulsant Effects of Topiramate and Lacosamide on Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilepticus in Rats: A Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and Inflammation" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 5: 2264. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052264