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Article

Silver (I) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: A Winning and Broad Spectrum of Antimicrobial Properties

by
Filippo Prencipe
1,†,
Anna Zanfardino
2,†,
Michela Di Napoli
2,
Filomena Rossi
3,
Stefano D’Errico
3,
Gennaro Piccialli
3,
Giuseppe Felice Mangiatordi
1,
Michele Saviano
1,
Luisa Ronga
4,
Mario Varcamonti
2,* and
Diego Tesauro
3,*
1
Institute of Crystallography (IC) CNR, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
2
Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, via Cynthia, 80143 Naples, Italy
3
Department of Pharmacy and Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples “Federico II”, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
4
Universite de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, 64000 Pau, France
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(5), 2497; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052497
Submission received: 27 January 2021 / Revised: 23 February 2021 / Accepted: 25 February 2021 / Published: 2 March 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal Complexes in Diagnosis and Therapy)
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Abstract

The evolution of antibacterial resistance has arisen as the main downside in fighting bacterial infections pushing researchers to develop novel, more potent and multimodal alternative drugs.Silver and its complexes have long been used as antimicrobial agents in medicine due to the lack of silver resistance and the effectiveness at low concentration as well as to their low toxicities compared to the most commonly used antibiotics. N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs) have been extensively employed to coordinate transition metals mainly for catalytic chemistry. However, more recently, NHC ligands have been applied as carrier molecules for metals in anticancer applications. In the present study we selected from literature two NHC-carbene based on acridinescaffoldand detailed nonclassicalpyrazole derived mono NHC-Ag neutral and bis NHC-Ag cationic complexes. Their inhibitor effect on bacterial strains Gram-negative and positivewas evaluated. Imidazolium NHC silver complex containing the acridine chromophore showed effectiveness at extremely low MIC values. Although pyrazole NHC silver complexes are less active than the acridine NHC-silver, they represent the first example of this class of compounds with antimicrobial properties. Moreover all complexesare not toxic and they show not significant activity againstmammalian cells (Hek lines) after 4 and 24 h. Based on our experimental evidence, we are confident that this promising class of complexes could represent a valuable starting point for developing candidates for the treatment of bacterial infections, delivering great effectiveness and avoiding the development of resistance mechanisms.
Keywords: NHC silver complexes; Gram-positive and negative bacteria; antimicrobial properties NHC silver complexes; Gram-positive and negative bacteria; antimicrobial properties

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MDPI and ACS Style

Prencipe, F.; Zanfardino, A.; Di Napoli, M.; Rossi, F.; D’Errico, S.; Piccialli, G.; Mangiatordi, G.F.; Saviano, M.; Ronga, L.; Varcamonti, M.; et al. Silver (I) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: A Winning and Broad Spectrum of Antimicrobial Properties. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 2497. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052497

AMA Style

Prencipe F, Zanfardino A, Di Napoli M, Rossi F, D’Errico S, Piccialli G, Mangiatordi GF, Saviano M, Ronga L, Varcamonti M, et al. Silver (I) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: A Winning and Broad Spectrum of Antimicrobial Properties. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(5):2497. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052497

Chicago/Turabian Style

Prencipe, Filippo, Anna Zanfardino, Michela Di Napoli, Filomena Rossi, Stefano D’Errico, Gennaro Piccialli, Giuseppe Felice Mangiatordi, Michele Saviano, Luisa Ronga, Mario Varcamonti, and et al. 2021. "Silver (I) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: A Winning and Broad Spectrum of Antimicrobial Properties" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 5: 2497. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052497

APA Style

Prencipe, F., Zanfardino, A., Di Napoli, M., Rossi, F., D’Errico, S., Piccialli, G., Mangiatordi, G. F., Saviano, M., Ronga, L., Varcamonti, M., & Tesauro, D. (2021). Silver (I) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: A Winning and Broad Spectrum of Antimicrobial Properties. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(5), 2497. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052497

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