Motility Plays an Important Role in the Lifetime of Mammalian Lipid Droplets
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Forms of Motility of Lipid Droplets
3. Molecular Basis of Lipid Droplet Motility
4. Effect of Motility on Lipid Droplet Metabolism
5. Effect of Motility on Lipid Droplet Function
6. Effect of Motility on the Distribution of Lipid Droplets in Cells
7. Questions in Lipid Droplet Motility Research
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Fujimoto, T.; Ohsaki, Y.; Cheng, J.; Suzuki, M.; Shinohara, Y. Lipid droplets: A classic organelle with new outfits. Histochem. Cell Biol. 2008, 130, 263–279. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Zhang, C.; Liu, P. The lipid droplet: A conserved cellular organelle. Protein Cell 2017, 8, 796–800. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Murphy, D.J. The biogenesis and functions of lipid bodies in animals, plants and microorganisms. Prog. Lipid Res. 2001, 40, 325–438. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Walther, T.C.; Chung, J.; Farese, R.V. Lipid Droplet Biogenesis. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 2017, 33, 491–510. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Wilfling, F.; Haas, J.T.; Walther, T.C.; Farese, R.V. Lipid droplet biogenesis. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 2014, 29, 39–45. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Tomin, T.; Fritz, K.; Gindlhuber, J.; Waldherr, L.; Pucher, B.; Thallinger, G.G.; Nomura, D.K.; Schittmayer, M.; Birner-Gruenberger, R. Deletion of Adipose Triglyceride Lipase Links Triacylglycerol Accumulation to a More-Aggressive Phenotype in A549 Lung Carcinoma Cells. J. Proteome Res. 2018, 17, 1415–1425. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zagani, R.; El-Assaad, W.; Gamache, I.; Teodoro, J.G. Inhibition of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) by the putative tumor suppressor G0S2 or a small molecule inhibitor attenuates the growth of cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015, 6, 28282–28295. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Park, S.-Y.; Kim, H.-J.; Wang, S.; Higashimori, T.; Dong, J.; Kim, Y.-J.; Cline, G.; Li, H.; Prentki, M.; Shulman, G.I.; et al. Hormone-sensitive lipase knockout mice have increased hepatic insulin sensitivity and are protected from short-term diet-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and heart. Am. J. Physiol. Metab. 2005, 289, E30–E39. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Haemmerle, G.; Zimmermann, R.; Hayn, M.; Theussl, C.; Waeg, G.; Wagner, E.; Sattler, W.; Magin, T.M.; Wagner, E.F.; Zechner, R. Hormone-sensitive Lipase Deficiency in Mice Causes Diglyceride Accumulation in Adipose Tissue, Muscle, and Testis. J. Biol. Chem. 2002, 277, 4806–4815. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Jarc, E.; Petan, T. Lipid Droplets and the Management of Cellular Stress. Yale J. Biol. Med. 2019, 92, 435–452. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Hariri, H.; Rogers, S.; Ugrankar, R.; Liu, Y.L.; Feathers, J.R.; Henne, W.M. Lipid droplet biogenesis is spatially coordinated at ER–vacuole contacts under nutritional stress. EMBO Rep. 2018, 19, 57–72. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Welte, M.A. How Brain Fat Conquers Stress. Cell 2015, 163, 269–270. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Svegliati-Baroni, G.; Pierantonelli, I.; Torquato, P.; Marinelli, R.; Ferreri, C.; Chatgilialoglu, C.; Bartolini, D.; Galli, F. Lipidomic biomarkers and mechanisms of lipotoxicity in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Free. Radic. Biol. Med. 2019, 144, 293–309. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Marra, F.; Svegliati-Baroni, G. Lipotoxicity and the gut-liver axis in NASH pathogenesis. J. Hepatol. 2018, 68, 280–295. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- De Oliveira, J.; Abdalla, F.; Dornelles, G.; Palma, T.; Signor, C.; da Silva Bernardi, J.; Baldissarelli, J.; Lenz, L.; de Oliveira, V.; Chitolina Schetinger, M.; et al. Neuroprotective effects of berberine on recognition memory impairment, oxidative stress, and damage to the purinergic system in rats submitted to intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin. Psychopharmacology 2019, 236, 641–655. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, L.; Zhang, K.; Sandoval, H.; Yamamoto, S.; Jaiswal, M.; Sanz, E.; Li, Z.; Hui, J.; Graham, B.H.; Quintana, A.; et al. Glial Lipid Droplets and ROS Induced by Mitochondrial Defects Promote Neurodegeneration. Cell 2015, 160, 177–190. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Rambold, A.S.; Cohen, S.; Lippincott-Schwartz, J. Fatty acid trafficking in starved cells: Regulation by lipid droplet lipolysis, autophagy, and mitochondrial fusion dynamics. Dev. Cell 2015, 32, 678–692. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Settembre, C.; Ballabio, A. Lysosome: Regulator of lipid degradation pathways. Trends Cell Biol. 2014, 24, 743–750. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Zhang, Z.; Zhao, S.; Yao, Z.; Wang, L.; Shao, J.; Chen, A.; Zhang, F.; Zheng, S. Autophagy regulates turnover of lipid droplets via ROS-dependent Rab25 activation in hepatic stellate cell. Redox Biol. 2017, 11, 322–334. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tsai, T.H.; Chen, E.; Li, L.; Saha, P.; Lee, H.J.; Huang, L.S.; Shelness, G.S.; Chan, L.; Chang, B.H. The constitutive lipid droplet protein PLIN2 regulates autophagy in liver. Autophagy 2017, 13, 1130–1144. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Martinez-Lopez, N.; Singh, R. Autophagy and Lipid Droplets in the Liver. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 2015, 35, 215–237. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Singh, R.; Kaushik, S.; Wang, Y.; Xiang, Y.; Novak, I.; Komatsu, M.; Tanaka, K.; Cuervo, A.M.; Czaja, M.J. Autophagy regulates lipid metabolism. Nat. Cell Biol. 2009, 458, 1131–1135. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Guimaraes, S.C.; Schuster, M.; Bielska, E.; Dagdas, G.; Kilaru, S.; Meadows, B.R.; Schrader, M.; Steinberg, G. Peroxisomes, lipid droplets, and endoplasmic reticulum “hitchhike” on motile early endosomes. J. Cell Biol. 2015, 211, 945–954. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Chang, C.-L.; Weigel, A.V.; Ioannou, M.S.; Pasolli, H.A.; Xu, C.S.; Peale, D.R.; Shtengel, G.; Freeman, M.; Hess, H.F.; Blackstone, C.; et al. Spastin tethers lipid droplets to peroxisomes and directs fatty acid trafficking through ESCRT-III. J. Cell Biol. 2019, 218, 2583–2599. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Herms, A.; Bosch, M.; Reddy, B.J.N.; Schieber, N.L.; Fajardo, A.; Ruperez, C.; Fernandez-Vidal, A.; Ferguson, C.; Rentero, C.; Tebar, F.; et al. AMPK activation promotes lipid droplet dispersion on detyrosinated microtubules to increase mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Nat. Commun. 2015, 6, 67176. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Pfisterer, S.G.; Gateva, G.; Horvath, P.; Pirhonen, J.; Salo, V.T.; Karhinen, L.; Varjosalo, M.; Ryhänen, S.J.; Lappalainen, P.; Ikonen, E. Role for formin-like 1-dependent acto-myosin assembly in lipid droplet dynamics and lipid storage. Nat. Commun. 2017, 8, 14858. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Salogiannis, J.; Christensen, J.R.; Songster, L.D.; Aguilar-Maldonado, A.; Shukla, N.; Reck-Peterson, S.L. PxdA interacts with the DipA phosphatase to regulate peroxisome hitchhiking on early endosomes. Mol. Biol. Cell 2021, 32, 492–503. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kilwein, M.D.; Welte, M.A. Lipid Droplet Motility and Organelle Contacts. Contact 2019, 2, 2. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Xie, K.; Zhang, P.; Na, H.; Liu, Y.; Zhang, H.; Liu, P. MDT-28/PLIN-1 mediates lipid droplet-microtubule interaction via DLC-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci. Rep. 2019, 9, 14902–14912. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Knoblach, B.; Rachubinski, R. Transport and retention mechanisms govern lipid droplet inheritance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Traffic 2015, 16, 298–309. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gupta, P.; Martin, R.; Knölker, H.-J.; Nihalani, D.; Sinha, D.K. Myosin-1 inhibition by PClP affects membrane shape, cortical actin distribution and lipid droplet dynamics in early Zebrafish embryos. PLoS ONE 2017, 12, e0180301. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Maucort, G.; Kasula, R.; Papadopulos, A.; Nieminen, T.A.; Rubinsztein-Dunlop, H.; Meunier, F.A. Mapping Organelle Motion Reveals a Vesicular Conveyor Belt Spatially Replenishing Secretory Vesicles in Stimulated Chromaffin Cells. PLoS ONE 2014, 9, e87242. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Norregaard, K.; Metzler, R.; Ritter, C.M.; Berg-Sørensen, K.; Oddershede, L.B. Manipulation and Motion of Organelles and Single Molecules in Living Cells. Chem. Rev. 2017, 117, 4342–4375. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Targett-Adams, P.; Chambers, D.; Gledhill, S.; Hope, R.G.; Coy, J.F.; Girod, A.; McLauchlan, J. Live Cell Analysis and Targeting of the Lipid Droplet-binding Adipocyte Differentiation-related Protein. J. Biol. Chem. 2003, 278, 15998–16007. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Gross, S.P.; Welte, M.A.; Block, S.M.; Wieschaus, E.F. Dynein-Mediated Cargo Transport in Vivo. J. Cell Biol. 2000, 148, 945–956. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Gross, S.P.; Welte, M.A.; Block, S.M.; Wieschaus, E.F. Coordination of opposite-polarity microtubule motors. J. Cell Biol. 2002, 156, 715–724. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Welte, M.A. Fat on the move: Intracellular motion of lipid droplets. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 2009, 37, 991–996. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Welte, M.A. As the fat flies: The dynamic lipid droplets of Drosophila embryos. Biochim. Biophys. Acta BBA Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids 2015, 1851, 1156–1185. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Welte, M.A.; Gould, A.P. Lipid droplet functions beyond energy storage. Biochim. Biophys. Acta BBA Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids 2017, 1862, 1260–1272. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Valm, A.M.; Cohen, S.; Legant, W.R.; Melunis, J.; Hershberg, U.; Wait, E.; Cohen, A.R.; Davidson, M.W.; Betzig, E.; Lippincott-Schwartz, J. Applying systems-level spectral imaging and analysis to reveal the organelle interactome. Nature 2017, 546, 162–167. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Welte, M. Bidirectional transport along microtubules. Curr. Biol. CB 2004, 14, R525–R537. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Palacios, I.; St Johnston, D. Kinesin light chain-independent function of the Kinesin heavy chain in cytoplasmic streaming and posterior localisation in the Drosophila oocyte. Development 2002, 129, 5473–5485. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Wheatley, S.; Kulkarni, S.; Karess, R. Drosophila nonmuscle myosin II is required for rapid cytoplasmic transport during oogenesis and for axial nuclear migration in early embryos. Development 1995, 121, 1937–1946. [Google Scholar]
- Bersuker, K.; Peterson, C.W.; To, M.; Sahl, S.J.; Savikhin, V.; Grossman, E.A.; Nomura, D.K.; Olzmann, J.A. A Proximity Labeling Strategy Provides Insights into the Composition and Dynamics of Lipid Droplet Proteomes. Dev. Cell 2018, 44, 97.e7–112.e7. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Dutta, A.; Sinha, D.K. Turnover of the actomyosin complex in zebrafish embryos directs geometric remodelling and the recruitment of lipid droplets. Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 13915. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Yang, H.; Osakada, H.; Kojidani, T.; Haraguchi, T.; Hiraoka, Y. Schizosaccharomyces pombeLipid droplet dynamics during sporulation and their role in spore survival. Biol. Open 2017, 6, 217–222. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Aillaud, C.; Bosc, C.; Peris, L.; Bosson, A.; Heemeryck, P.; Van Dijk, J.; Le Friec, J.; Boulan, B.; Vossier, F.; Sanman, L.E.; et al. Vasohibins/SVBP are tubulin carboxypeptidases (TCPs) that regulate neuron differentiation. Science 2017, 358, 1448–1453. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Nieuwenhuis, J.; Adamopoulos, A.; Bleijerveld, O.B.; Mazouzi, A.; Stickel, E.; Celie, P.; Altelaar, M.; Knipscheer, P.; Perrakis, A.; Blomen, V.A.; et al. Vasohibins encode tubulin detyrosinating activity. Science 2017, 358, 1453–1456. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Gu, Y.; Yang, Y.; Cao, X.; Zhao, Y.; Gao, X.; Sun, C.; Zhang, F.; Yuan, Y.; Xu, Y.; Zhang, J.; et al. Plin3 protects against alcoholic liver injury by facilitating lipid export from the endoplasmic reticulum. J. Cell. Biochem. 2019, 120, 16075–16087. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gaspar, I.; Yu, Y.; Cotton, S.; Kim, D.; Ephrussi, A.; Welte, M. Klar ensures thermal robustness of oskar localization by restraining RNP motility. J. Cell Biol. 2014, 206, 199–215. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Rai, P.; Kumar, M.; Sharma, G.; Barak, P.; Das, S.; Kamat, S.; Mallik, R. Kinesin-dependent mechanism for controlling triglyceride secretion from the liver. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2017, 114, 12958–12963. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Welte, M.A.; Gross, S.P.; Postner, M.; Block, S.M.; Wieschaus, E.F. Developmental Regulation of Vesicle Transport in Drosophila Embryos: Forces and Kinetics. Cell 1998, 92, 547–557. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Kaczmarek, B.; Verbavatz, J.-M.; Jackson, C.L. GBF1 and Arf1 function in vesicular trafficking, lipid homoeostasis and organelle dynamics. Biol. Cell 2017, 109, 391–399. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nettebrock, N.T.; Bohnert, M. Born this way—Biogenesis of lipid droplets from specialized ER subdomains. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids 2020, 1865, 158448. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Grippa, A.; Buxó, L.; Mora, G.; Funaya, C.; Idrissi, F.Z.; Mancuso, F.; Gomez, R.; Muntanyà, J.; Sabidó, E.; Carvalho, P. The seipin complex Fld1/Ldb16 stabilizes ER-lipid droplet contact sites. J. Cell Biol. 2015, 211, 829–844. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Chung, J.; Wu, X.; Lambert, T.J.; Lai, Z.W.; Walther, T.C.; Farese, R.V., Jr. LDAF1 and Seipin Form a Lipid Droplet Assembly Complex. Dev. Cell 2019, 51, 551–563.e7. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wang, H.; Becuwe, M.; Housden, B.E.; Chitraju, C.; Porras, A.J.; Graham, M.M.; Liu, X.N.; Thiam, A.R.; Savage, D.B.; Agarwal, A.K.; et al. Seipin is required for converting nascent to mature lipid droplets. eLife 2016, 5, e16582. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Salo, V.T.; Belevich, I.; Li, S.; Karhinen, L.; Vihinen, H.; Vigouroux, C.; Magré, J.; Thiele, C.; Hölttä-Vuori, M.; Jokitalo, E.; et al. Seipin regulates ER-lipid droplet contacts and cargo delivery. EMBO J. 2016, 35, 2699–2716. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Akil, A.; Peng, J.; Omrane, M.; Gondeau, C.; Desterke, C.; Marin, M.; Tronchère, H.; Taveneau, C.; Sar, S.; Briolotti, P.; et al. Septin 9 induces lipid droplets growth by a phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate and microtubule-dependent mechanism hijacked by HCV. Nat. Commun. 2016, 7, 12203. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Benador, I.Y.; Veliova, M.; Mahdaviani, K.; Petcherski, A.; Wikstrom, J.D.; Assali, E.A.; Acín-Pérez, R.; Shum, M.; Oliveira, M.F.; Cinti, S.; et al. Mitochondria Bound to Lipid Droplets Have Unique Bioenergetics, Composition, and Dynamics that Support Lipid Droplet Expansion. Cell Metab. 2018, 27, 869.e6–885.e6. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Tapia, D.; Jiménez, T.; Zamora, C.; Espinoza, J.; Rizzo, R.; González-Cárdenas, A.; Fuentes, D.; Hernández, S.; Cavieres, V.A.; Soza, A.; et al. KDEL receptor regulates secretion by lysosome relocation- and autophagy-dependent modulation of lipid-droplet turnover. Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 1–17. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hirsch, H.A.; Iliopoulos, D.; Joshi, A.; Zhang, Y.; Jaeger, S.A.; Bulyk, M.; Tsichlis, P.N.; Liu, X.S.; Struhl, K. A Transcriptional Signature and Common Gene Networks Link Cancer with Lipid Metabolism and Diverse Human Diseases. Cancer Cell 2010, 17, 348–361. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Patterson, A.D.; Maurhofer, O.; Beyoğlu, D.; Lanz, C.; Krausz, K.W.; Pabst, T.; Gonzalez, F.J.; Dufour, J.-F.; Idle, J.R. Aberrant Lipid Metabolism in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Revealed by Plasma Metabolomics and Lipid Profiling. Cancer Res. 2011, 71, 6590–6600. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Seo, A.Y.; Lau, P.W.; Feliciano, D.; Sengupta, P.; Le Gros, M.A.; Cinquin, B.; Larabell, C.A.; Lippincott-Schwartz, J. AMPK and vacuole-associated Atg14p orchestrate mu-lipophagy for energy production and long-term survival under glucose starvation. eLife 2017, 6, e21690. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Henne, W.M.; Reese, M.L.; Goodman, J.M. The assembly of lipid droplets and their roles in challenged cells. EMBO J. 2018, 37, e98947. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Nardi, F.; Fitchev, P.; Brooks, K.; Franco, O.; Cheng, K.; Hayward, S.; Welte, M.; Crawford, S. Lipid droplet velocity is a microenvironmental sensor of aggressive tumors regulated by V-ATPase and PEDF. Lab. Investig. J. Tech. Methods Pathol. 2019, 99, 1822–1834. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cermelli, S.; Guo, Y.; Gross, S.P.; Welte, M.A. The Lipid-Droplet Proteome Reveals that Droplets Are a Protein-Storage Depot. Curr. Biol. 2006, 16, 1783–1795. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Li, Z.; Thiel, K.; Thul, P.J.; Beller, M.; Kühnlein, R.P.; Welte, M.A. Lipid Droplets Control the Maternal Histone Supply of Drosophila Embryos. Curr. Biol. 2012, 22, 2104–2113. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Anand, P.; Cermelli, S.; Li, Z.; Kassan, A.; Bosch, M.; Sigua, R.; Huang, L.; Ouellette, A.J.; Pol, A.; Welte, M.A.; et al. A novel role for lipid droplets in the organismal antibacterial response. eLife 2012, 1, e00003. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Guo, Y.; Walther, T.C.; Rao, M.; Stuurman, N.; Goshima, G.; Terayama, K.; Wong, J.S.; Vale, R.D.; Walter, P.; Farese, R.V. Functional genomic screen reveals genes involved in lipid-droplet formation and utilization. Nature 2008, 453, 657–661. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Welte, M.A. Expanding Roles for Lipid Droplets. Curr. Biol. 2015, 25, R470–R481. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Cruz, A.L.S.; Carrossini, N.; Teixeira, L.K.; Ribeiro-Pinto, L.F.; Bozza, P.T.; Viola, J.P.B. Cell Cycle Progression Regulates Biogenesis and Cellular Localization of Lipid Droplets. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2019, 39, 9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Masedunskas, A.; Chen, Y.; Stussman, R.; Weigert, R.; Mather, I.H. Kinetics of milk lipid droplet transport, growth, and secretion revealed by intravital imaging: Lipid droplet release is intermittently stimulated by oxytocin. Mol. Biol. Cell 2017, 28, 935–946. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ariu, F.; Strina, A.; Murrone, O.; Zedda, M.T.; Pau, S.; Bogliolo, L.; Falchi, L.; Bebbere, D.; Ledda, S. Lipid droplet distribution of immature canine oocytes in relation to their size and the reproductive stage. Anim. Sci. J. 2015, 87, 147–150. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bradley, J.; Pope, I.; Masia, F.; Sanusi, R.; Langbein, W.; Swann, K.; Borri, P. Quantitative imaging of lipids in live mouse oocytes and early embryos using CARS microscopy. Development 2016, 143, 2238–2247. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Dou, W.; Zhang, D.; Jung, Y.; Cheng, J.-X.; Umulis, D.M. Label-Free Imaging of Lipid-Droplet Intracellular Motion in Early Drosophila Embryos Using Femtosecond-Stimulated Raman Loss Microscopy. Biophys. J. 2012, 102, 1666–1675. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Waschatko, G.; Billecke, N.; Schwendy, S.; Jaurich, H.; Bonn, M.; Vilgis, T.A.; Parekh, S.H. Label-free in situ imaging of oil body dynamics and chemistry in germination. J. R. Soc. Interface 2016, 13, 20160677. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ishigaki, M.; Kawasaki, S.; Ishikawa, D.; Ozaki, Y. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Imaging Studies of Fertilized Fish Eggs: In Vivo Monitoring of Egg Growth at the Molecular Level. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 20066. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Collot, M.; Fam, T.K.; AshokKumar, P.; Faklaris, O.; Galli, T.; Danglot, L.; Klymchenko, A.S. Ultrabright and Fluorogenic Probes for Multicolor Imaging and Tracking of Lipid Droplets in Cells and Tissues. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018, 140, 5401–5411. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Zheng, X.; Zhu, W.; Ni, F.; Ai, H.; Gong, S.; Zhou, X.; Sessler, J.L.; Yang, C. Simultaneous dual-colour tracking lipid droplets and lysosomes dynamics using a fluorescent probe. Chem. Sci. 2018, 10, 2342–2348. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Jin, Y.; Ren, Z.; Tan, Y.; Zhao, P.; Wu, J. Motility Plays an Important Role in the Lifetime of Mammalian Lipid Droplets. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 3802. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22083802
Jin Y, Ren Z, Tan Y, Zhao P, Wu J. Motility Plays an Important Role in the Lifetime of Mammalian Lipid Droplets. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(8):3802. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22083802
Chicago/Turabian StyleJin, Yi, Zhuqing Ren, Yanjie Tan, Pengxiang Zhao, and Jian Wu. 2021. "Motility Plays an Important Role in the Lifetime of Mammalian Lipid Droplets" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 8: 3802. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22083802