Phosphatidylserine Supplementation as a Novel Strategy for Reducing Myocardial Infarct Size and Preventing Adverse Left Ventricular Remodeling
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Effects of Phosphatidylserine Supplementation on Cardioprotection
2.2. Effects of Phosphatidylserine Supplementation on Healing after MI and Heart Function
2.3. Effects of Phosphatidylserine Supplementation on Inflammation
2.4. Effects of Phosphatidylserine Supplementation on Remodeling
3. Discussion
Study Limitations
4. Methods
4.1. Animal Models of Acute Myocardial Infarction
4.2. Echocardiography
4.3. Evans-Blue/Tetrazolium Staining
4.4. Histology and Immunohistochemistry
4.5. Cell Culture and Hypoxia Experiments with Neonatal Cardiomyocytes
4.6. mRNA Isolation and RT-PCR
4.7. Neutrophil Isolation and Flow Cytometry Analysis
4.8. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Clinical Relevance
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AMI | acute myocardial infarction |
LAD | left anterior descending artery |
EF | ejection fraction |
PS | phosphatidylserine |
NETs PKC-ε IL-1β AAR HMOX1 HIF-1α FS TNF-α TGF-β1 | neutrophil extracellular traps protein kinase C epsilon interleukin 1 beta area at risk heme oxygenase 1 hypoxia inducible factor-1α fractional shortening tumor necrosis factor -α transforming growth factor-β1 |
MPO SMA | myeloperoxidase smooth muscle actin |
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Parameter | Control n = 6 | PS n = 6 | PS after n = 6 | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Infarct size (% from 3D reconstructed volume) | 12.15 ± 2.57 | 8.33 ± 2.56 $ | 7.95 ± 3.03 $ | * p = 0.0337 |
Heart Volume (µm3) | 14.674 ± 2869 | 15.140 ± 1538 | 16.401 ± 2074 | p = 0.4037 |
Ejection Fraction—EF (%) | 29.17 ± 4.44 | 38.50 ± 7.53 $ | 38.17 ± 5.07 $ | * p = 0.0225 |
Fractional shortening—FS (%) | 19.28 ± 1.33 | 23.94 ± 1.13 $ | 23.05 ± 1.07 | * p = 0.0324 |
Cardiac output (ml/min) | 10.34 ± 2.68 | 18.22 ± 3.94 $ | 18.65 ± 4.63 $ | * p = 0.0028 |
End-Diastolic Diameter (mm) | 4.16 ± 0.22 | 3.83 ± 0.19 $ | 3.97 ± 0.21 | * p = 0.0500 |
Heart rate (bpm) | 384 ± 27.72 | 381 ± 33.83 | 373 ± 36.36 | p = 0.8559 |
Target | Forward Primer | Reverse Primer |
---|---|---|
β-actin | 5’-AGCCATGTACGTAGCCATCC | 5´-CTCTCAGCTGTGGTGGTGAA |
PKCε | 5´-GACGCCATCAAGCAACATCC | 5´-TCCCGCGTAAAGTCTTGGTC |
HIF1 | 5´-TGTTTTGAGGGCTCAGGCTC | 5´-TGACATGCCACATAGCTCCC |
HMOX1 | 5´-GAACCCAGTCTATGCCCCAC | 5´-GGCGTGCAAGGGATGATTTC |
Bax | 5’-TGCAGAGGATGATTGCTGAC | 5’-GATCAGCTCGGGCACTTTAG |
BCL2 | 5’-AGGAGCAGGTGCCTACAAGA | 5’-GCATTTTCCCACCACTGTCT |
IL-1β | 5’-GGATGAGGACATGAGCACCT | 5’-GGAGCCTGTAGTGCAGTTGT |
IL-6 | 5′-TCTGGAGTACCATAGCTACCTGGAGT | 5′-AGCATTGGAAATTGGGGTAGGAAGGA |
TNF-α | 5′-GTCCCCAAAGGGATGAGAAG | 5′-AGATGATCTGAGTGTGAGGG |
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Schumacher, D.; Curaj, A.; Staudt, M.; Cordes, F.; Dumitraşcu, A.R.; Rolles, B.; Beckers, C.; Soppert, J.; Rusu, M.; Simsekyilmaz, S.; et al. Phosphatidylserine Supplementation as a Novel Strategy for Reducing Myocardial Infarct Size and Preventing Adverse Left Ventricular Remodeling. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 4401. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094401
Schumacher D, Curaj A, Staudt M, Cordes F, Dumitraşcu AR, Rolles B, Beckers C, Soppert J, Rusu M, Simsekyilmaz S, et al. Phosphatidylserine Supplementation as a Novel Strategy for Reducing Myocardial Infarct Size and Preventing Adverse Left Ventricular Remodeling. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(9):4401. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094401
Chicago/Turabian StyleSchumacher, David, Adelina Curaj, Mareike Staudt, Franziska Cordes, Andreea R. Dumitraşcu, Benjamin Rolles, Christian Beckers, Josefin Soppert, Mihaela Rusu, Sakine Simsekyilmaz, and et al. 2021. "Phosphatidylserine Supplementation as a Novel Strategy for Reducing Myocardial Infarct Size and Preventing Adverse Left Ventricular Remodeling" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9: 4401. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094401