The Effect of Early Life Stress on Emotional Behaviors in GPR37KO Mice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. The Schematic of the Experimental Design
2.2. Effect of ELS on Anxiety-like Behaviors in Adult GPR37KO Mice
2.3. Effect of ELS on Emotional Memory Behavior in Adult GPR37KO Mice
2.4. Effect of ELS on Depression-like Behavior in Adult GPR37KO Mice
2.5. Effect of ELS on Body Weight in GPR37KO Mice
2.6. Effect of ELS on Corticosterone Level in Adult GPR37KO Mice
2.7. Effect of ELS on P-T286-CaMKII in DH, VH and Amygdala, in GPR37KO Mice
2.8. Effect of ELS on Total CaMKII in DH, VH and Amygdala, in GPR37KO Mice
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Subjects and Housing
4.2. Breeding and Genotype
4.3. General Experimental Plan
4.4. Limited Nesting Material
4.5. Behavioral Tests
4.5.1. Elevated Plus Maze
4.5.2. Light Dark Box
4.5.3. Passive Avoidance Task
4.5.4. Forced Swim Test
4.6. Brain Dissection
4.7. Western Blot
4.8. Corticosterone Assay
4.9. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions and Limitations
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Structure | Gender | Group | Total CaMKII |
---|---|---|---|
DH | Male | WT Basal | 100 ± 5.3 |
KO Basal | 115.2 ± 9.6 | ||
WT no ELS | 124.8 ± 15.9 | ||
KO no ELS | 99.2 ± 5.0 | ||
WT ELS | 111.1 ± 12.3 | ||
KO ELS | 110.3 ± 8.7 | ||
Female | WT Basal | 100 ± 5.7 | |
KO Basal | 87.8 ± 11.4 | ||
WT no ELS | 91.0 ± 9.1 | ||
KO no ELS | 94.7 ± 5.3 | ||
WT ELS | 84.1 ± 14.1 | ||
KO ELS | 89.4 ± 7.2 | ||
VH | Male | WT Basal | 100 ± 11.3 |
KO Basal | 95.1 ± 16.1 | ||
WT no ELS | 90.4 ± 8.8 | ||
KO no ELS | 86.8 ± 6.1 | ||
WT ELS | 68.0 ± 8.2 | ||
KO ELS | 82.2 ± 9.2 | ||
Female | WT Basal | 100 ± 15.5 | |
KO Basal | 87.3 ± 4.6 | ||
WT no ELS | 81.6 ± 12.1 | ||
KO no ELS | 97.8 ± 10.4 | ||
WT ELS | 90.3 ± 11.1 | ||
KO ELS | 92.0 ± 9.3 | ||
Amy | Male | WT Basal | 100 ± 13.6 |
KO Basal | 121.1 ± 26.8 | ||
WT no ELS | 90.4 ± 20.7 | ||
KO no ELS | 81.5 ± 10.5 | ||
WT ELS | 76.2 ± 12.4 | ||
KO ELS | 101.6 ± 21.5 | ||
Female | WT Basal | 100 ± 9.5 | |
KO Basal | 107.6 ± 20.4 | ||
WT no ELS | 144.7 ± 22.9 | ||
KO no ELS | 132.6 ± 14.9 | ||
WT ELS | 127.8 ± 19.7 | ||
KO ELS | 135.7 ± 23.1 |
Primer | Sequence, 5′–3′ |
---|---|
GPR37 mutant, forward | GGGTGGGATTAGATAAATGCCTGCTCT |
GPR37 WT, forward | AACGGGTCTGCAGATGACTGGGTTC |
Common, reverse | GGCCAAGAGAGAATTGGAGATCGTC |
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Veenit, V.; Zhang, X.; Ambrosini, A.; Sousa, V.; Svenningsson, P. The Effect of Early Life Stress on Emotional Behaviors in GPR37KO Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 410. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010410
Veenit V, Zhang X, Ambrosini A, Sousa V, Svenningsson P. The Effect of Early Life Stress on Emotional Behaviors in GPR37KO Mice. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(1):410. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010410
Chicago/Turabian StyleVeenit, Vandana, Xiaoqun Zhang, Antonio Ambrosini, Vasco Sousa, and Per Svenningsson. 2022. "The Effect of Early Life Stress on Emotional Behaviors in GPR37KO Mice" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 1: 410. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010410