Golden and Silver–Golden Chitosan Hydrogels and Fabrics Modified with Golden Chitosan Hydrogels
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Sol–Gel Analysis: Macro-Gels
2.2. Vis Spectrophotometry and DLS Measurements: Micro- and Nano-Gels
2.3. Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (FAAS) of Chitosan–Au Hydrogels
2.4. Modification of Textiles—Reflectance Analysis
2.5. SEM-EDS Analysis of the Modified Textiles
2.6. ICP-MS of the Modified Textiles
2.7. Chitosan–Au–Ag Hydrogels
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Preparation of Chitosan–Au Hydrogel
3.2. Sol-Gel Analysis
3.3. Vis Spectrophotometry Measurements
3.4. Dynamic Light Scattering Measurements
3.5. Modification of Fabric with Chitosan-Au Hydrogel
3.6. Chitosan–Au–Ag Hydrogels
3.7. AAS
3.8. ICP-QMS
3.9. Statistical and Chemometric Analysis
3.10. Reflectance Measurements
3.11. Microscopic Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Concentration of HAuCl4 | Sample Number | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | ||
Reaction Time between 2% Chitosan and HAuCl4 | |||||||
1 h | 2 h | 4 h | 22 h | 46 h | 3 h | ||
1% HAuCl4 + Chitosan | |||||||
A 1% | Intense yellow gel Viscous, liquid jelly-like structure that was hard to transfer to a beaker | Yellow gel Firm gel resembling gelatine jelly | Yellow gel Firm gel resembling gelatine jelly | Yellow gel Very firm gel from wall-to-wall | Yellow gel Very firm gel from wall-to-wall | Yellow gel Very firm gel from wall-to-wall that was easy to transfer to a beaker | 1.5% chitosan |
B 0.5% | Bright yellow gel Gel resembling light gelatine jelly; it was possible to transfer the whole gel to a beaker | Bright yellow gel Firm gel resembling gelatine jelly (from wall-to-wall) | Bright yellow gel Firm gel resembling gelatine jelly | Yellow gel Firm gel resembling gelatine jelly (not from wall-to-wall) | Yellow very firm gel Gel from wall-to-wall. This gel was the stiffest out of the other gels in series 5 | Yellow-brownish bright gel Viscous gel that was hard to transfer to a beaker | 1% chitosan |
C 0.1% | Bright transparent light pink viscous gel | Bright yellow gel Gelatine jelly-like structure | Bright yellow gel Gel resembling light gelatine jelly | Pink-raspberry bright gel In the vial it looked like raspberry strings but kept its shape during swelling | Raspberry-colour gel Viscous gel | No typical gel from wall-to-wall; yellow-brownish solution | 0.5% chitosan |
D 0.05% | Bright transparent light pink viscous gel No typical gel from wall-to-wall was formed. The mixture remained as a transparent solution | Bright pink gel Viscous gel | Bright pink gel Gel resembling viscous physical gel | Bright pink gel Firm gel that looked in a vial like raspberry-colour strings | Bright raspberry-colour viscous gel | - |
Reaction time (h) | 1 | 2 | 4 | 22 | 46 | 3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HAuCl4 (%) | Options | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
1 | A | + | + | + | + | + | 1.5% chit |
0.5 | B | + | + | + | + | + | 1% chit |
0.1 | C | + | + | + | + | + | 0.5% chit |
0.05 | D | + | + | + | + | + | - |
Fabric | Crude Cotton | Bleached Cotton | Cotton/PET | PET | PA | PAN |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weave | plain | plain | twill | plain | plain | twill |
Warp [1/dm] | 250 | 280 | 500 | 600 | 400 | 240 |
Thread [1/dm] | 220 | 260 | 240 | 400 | 300 | 180 |
Thickness [mm] | 0.40 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.57 |
Surface mass [g/m2] | 150 | 140 | 185 | 80 | 65 | 220 |
Color | beige with visible seed flakes | white | white | white | white | beige |
Optical brightener | no | no | yes | yes | yes | no |
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Kozicki, M.; Pawlaczyk, A.; Adamska, A.; Szynkowska-Jóźwik, M.I.; Sąsiadek-Andrzejczak, E. Golden and Silver–Golden Chitosan Hydrogels and Fabrics Modified with Golden Chitosan Hydrogels. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 5406. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105406
Kozicki M, Pawlaczyk A, Adamska A, Szynkowska-Jóźwik MI, Sąsiadek-Andrzejczak E. Golden and Silver–Golden Chitosan Hydrogels and Fabrics Modified with Golden Chitosan Hydrogels. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(10):5406. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105406
Chicago/Turabian StyleKozicki, Marek, Aleksandra Pawlaczyk, Aleksandra Adamska, Małgorzata Iwona Szynkowska-Jóźwik, and Elżbieta Sąsiadek-Andrzejczak. 2022. "Golden and Silver–Golden Chitosan Hydrogels and Fabrics Modified with Golden Chitosan Hydrogels" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 10: 5406. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105406