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Review

Toll-like Receptor Response to Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Recent Overview

by
Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh
1,*,
Michinori Kohara
2 and
Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
3,*
1
Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal 8210, Bangladesh
2
Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
3
Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(10), 5475; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105475
Submission received: 21 April 2022 / Revised: 11 May 2022 / Accepted: 13 May 2022 / Published: 13 May 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Toll-Like Receptors (TLR) in Infection and Inflammation)

Abstract

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a major global health burden, causing chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved pattern recognition receptors that detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns and activate downstream signaling to induce proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production. An increasing number of studies have suggested the importance of TLR responses in the outcome of HCV infection. However, the exact role of innate immune responses, including TLR response, in controlling chronic HCV infection remains to be established. A proper understanding of the TLR response in HCV infection is essential for devising new therapeutic approaches against HCV infection. In this review, we discuss the progress made in our understanding of the host innate immune response to HCV infection, with a particular focus on the TLR response. In addition, we discuss the mechanisms adopted by HCV to avoid immune surveillance mediated by TLRs.
Keywords: hepatitis C virus; infection; innate immunity; Toll-like receptor; cytokines hepatitis C virus; infection; innate immunity; Toll-like receptor; cytokines

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Kayesh, M.E.H.; Kohara, M.; Tsukiyama-Kohara, K. Toll-like Receptor Response to Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Recent Overview. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 5475. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105475

AMA Style

Kayesh MEH, Kohara M, Tsukiyama-Kohara K. Toll-like Receptor Response to Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Recent Overview. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(10):5475. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105475

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kayesh, Mohammad Enamul Hoque, Michinori Kohara, and Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara. 2022. "Toll-like Receptor Response to Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Recent Overview" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 10: 5475. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105475

APA Style

Kayesh, M. E. H., Kohara, M., & Tsukiyama-Kohara, K. (2022). Toll-like Receptor Response to Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Recent Overview. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(10), 5475. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105475

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