Anticancer Activity of Amantadine and Evaluation of Its Interactions with Selected Cytostatics in Relation to Human Melanoma Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Cell Viability Test
2.2. Cell Proliferation Test
2.3. Cytotoxicity Assessment—LDH Assay
2.4. Flow Cytometry Analysis
2.5. Western Blotting Analysis
2.6. Isobolographic Analysis of Interactions
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cell Lines
4.2. Cell Viability Assessment
4.3. Cell Proliferation Assay—BrdU Assay
4.4. Cytotoxicity Assessment—LDH Assay
4.5. Apoptosis Analysis
4.6. Cell Cycle Analysis
4.7. Protein Extraction and Western Blot Analysis
4.8. Isobolographic Analysis of Interactions
4.9. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cell Line | Drug | IC50 ± S.E.M. |
---|---|---|
A375 | Amantadine | 58.03 ± 4.17 µg/mL |
CDDP | 0.38 ± 0.07 µg/mL | |
MTO | 0.016 ± 0.006 µg/mL | |
SK-MEL28 | Amantadine | 70.68 ± 10.33 µg/mL |
CDDP | 0.99 ± 0.21 µg/mL | |
MTO | 0.901 ± 0.304 µg/mL | |
FM55P | Amantadine | 40.18 ± 12.26 µg/mL |
CDDP | 0.54 ± 0.13 µg/mL | |
MTO | 0.183 ± 0.058 µg/mL | |
FM55M2 | Amantadine | 69.46 ± 18.01 µg/mL |
CDDP | 0.44 ± 0.10 µg/mL | |
MTO | 0.066 ± 0.013 µg/mL |
Cell Line | IC50exp (μg/mL) | nexp | L-IC50add (μg/mL) | nadd | U-IC50add (μg/mL) | Interaction |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A375 | 7.076 ± 2.002 | 96 | 13.901 ± 3.149 | 286 | 44.373 ± 3.666 | Additivity |
SK-MEL28 | 39.201 ± 8.444 | 96 | 30.664 ± 8.861 | 182 | 41.165 ± 9.813 | Additivity |
Cell Line | IC50exp (μg/mL) | nexp | IC50add (μg/mL) | nadd | Interaction |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
FM55M2 | 41.67 ± 6.68 | 96 | 34.95 ± 9.06 | 164 | Additivity |
FM55P | 23.61 ± 6.22 | 96 | 20.36 ± 6.19 | 164 | Additivity |
Cell Line | IC50exp (μg/mL) | nexp | L-IC50add (μg/mL) | nadd | U-IC50add (μg/mL) | Interaction |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A375 | 48.19 ± 4.09 | 96 | 11.71 ± 5.04 | 236 | 46.23 ± 5.25 | Additivity |
Cell Line | IC50exp (μg/mL) | nexp | IC50add (μg/mL) | nadd | Interaction |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
FM55M2 | 14.39 ± 2.97 | 96 | 34.76 ± 9.01 * | 164 | Synergy |
FM55P | 9.94 ± 1.96 | 96 | 20.18 ± 6.16 | 164 | Additivity |
SK-MEL28 | 33.83 ± 5.80 | 96 | 35.79 ± 5.16 | 164 | Additivity |
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Krasowska, D.; Gerkowicz, A.; Wróblewska-Łuczka, P.; Grabarska, A.; Załuska-Ogryzek, K.; Krasowska, D.; Łuszczki, J.J. Anticancer Activity of Amantadine and Evaluation of Its Interactions with Selected Cytostatics in Relation to Human Melanoma Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 7653. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147653
Krasowska D, Gerkowicz A, Wróblewska-Łuczka P, Grabarska A, Załuska-Ogryzek K, Krasowska D, Łuszczki JJ. Anticancer Activity of Amantadine and Evaluation of Its Interactions with Selected Cytostatics in Relation to Human Melanoma Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(14):7653. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147653
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrasowska, Danuta, Agnieszka Gerkowicz, Paula Wróblewska-Łuczka, Aneta Grabarska, Katarzyna Załuska-Ogryzek, Dorota Krasowska, and Jarogniew J. Łuszczki. 2022. "Anticancer Activity of Amantadine and Evaluation of Its Interactions with Selected Cytostatics in Relation to Human Melanoma Cells" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 14: 7653. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147653