The Increase in the Drug Resistance of Acute Myeloid Leukemia THP-1 Cells in High-Density Cell Culture Is Associated with Inflammatory-like Activation and Anti-Apoptotic Bcl-2 Proteins
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Reversible Increase in the Resistance of THP-1 Cells in High-Density Cell Cultures to DNA-Damaging Drugs and izTRAIL
2.2. The Increase in Drug Resistance of THP-1 Cells in High-Density Cultures May Depend Not Only on Culture Density
2.3. The Increase in Drug Resistance of THP-1HDC Cells Occurs While Maintaining Their Proliferative Activity and Is Not Associated with Cell Hypoxia
2.4. Comparative Bioinformatics Analysis of the Transcriptomes of THP-1HDC and THP-1LDC Cells
2.5. THP-1HDC Cells Demonstrate Signs of Inflammatory-like Activation
2.6. The Transcription Factor NF-kB Is Activated and the Content of Anti-Apoptotic Proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL Increases in THP-1HDC Cells
2.7. The Inhibitors of NF-kB and Anti-Apoptotic Proteins of the Bcl-2 Family Contribute to Suppression of the Increased Drug Resistance in THP-1HDC Cells
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Chemicals
4.2. Protocol of izTRAIL Preparation
4.3. Cell Cultures
4.4. Cytotoxicity Assay and Drug Treatment
4.5. Cell Immunophenotyping
4.6. Cell Proliferation and Cell Viability Assays
4.7. Cell Hypoxia Assessment
4.8. Analysis of Genome-Wide Transcriptional Activity
4.9. Bioinformatics Analyses of Transcriptome
4.10. Intracellular NO Assay
4.11. Multiplex Analysis of Cytokine Production
4.12. Analysis of NF-kB Activation
4.13. Western Blotting Analysis
4.14. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Kobyakova, M.; Lomovskaya, Y.; Senotov, A.; Lomovsky, A.; Minaychev, V.; Fadeeva, I.; Shtatnova, D.; Krasnov, K.; Zvyagina, A.; Odinokova, I.; et al. The Increase in the Drug Resistance of Acute Myeloid Leukemia THP-1 Cells in High-Density Cell Culture Is Associated with Inflammatory-like Activation and Anti-Apoptotic Bcl-2 Proteins. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 7881. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147881
Kobyakova M, Lomovskaya Y, Senotov A, Lomovsky A, Minaychev V, Fadeeva I, Shtatnova D, Krasnov K, Zvyagina A, Odinokova I, et al. The Increase in the Drug Resistance of Acute Myeloid Leukemia THP-1 Cells in High-Density Cell Culture Is Associated with Inflammatory-like Activation and Anti-Apoptotic Bcl-2 Proteins. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(14):7881. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147881
Chicago/Turabian StyleKobyakova, Margarita, Yana Lomovskaya, Anatoly Senotov, Alexey Lomovsky, Vladislav Minaychev, Irina Fadeeva, Daria Shtatnova, Kirill Krasnov, Alena Zvyagina, Irina Odinokova, and et al. 2022. "The Increase in the Drug Resistance of Acute Myeloid Leukemia THP-1 Cells in High-Density Cell Culture Is Associated with Inflammatory-like Activation and Anti-Apoptotic Bcl-2 Proteins" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 14: 7881. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147881