The Roles of Phosphorus and Nitrogen Nutrient Transporters in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Development of AM Symbiosis
3. Mechanisms of P Uptake in Plants
3.1. P Uptake System in Plants: Lessons from Arabidopsis and Tomato
3.2. Transport of P in AM Symbiosis
3.2.1. Pi Transport in AM Fungi
3.2.2. AM Symbiosis Affects Plant Pi Transport
3.3. Summary and Phylogenetic Analysis of the PHTs
4. Mechanisms of N Uptake in Plants
4.1. N Uptake System in Plants: Lessons from Arabidopsis and Tomato
4.2. N Assimilation in Arabidopsis and Tomato
4.3. Transport of N in AM Symbiosis
4.3.1. N transport System in AM Fungi
4.3.2. N Transport Systems on the Plant Side
4.4. Summary and Phylogenetic Analysis of N Transporters
5. Regulation of Nutrient Exchange by P and N in AM Symbiosis
6. Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives
- (1).
- P and N transporters are less studied in different species of AM fungi. Some mycorrhizal-specific nutrient transporter genes do not cluster with mycorrhizal-specific subgroups. It is tempting to speculate that this might be an evolutionary strategy that guarantees the balance between mycorrhizal uptake and direct uptake, and such an inference deserves further attention.
- (2).
- The involvement of AM fungi in plant N uptake is not as clearly defined as that of P. A better understanding of the mechanism and regulation of N uptake assimilation, translocation, and transfer to the host is important for potential applications of AM fungi.
- (3).
- Coordinated utilization of P and N is crucial for plants to maintain nutrient balance and achieve optimal growth. It has been proposed that the relative availability of soil P and N determines whether mycorrhizal benefits outweigh their costs. Increasing evidence suggests that P and N uptake and transport control mycorrhizal functioning. More studies are necessary to understand the role of mycorrhizal uptake pathways in P and N uptake.
- (4).
- Many studies regarding transporters have been conducted on model plants, and the results have been useful in elucidating key aspects, as a next step into bringing science and agriculture. However, the symbiotic status of cultivated plants with AM fungi has not been insufficiently studied.
- (5).
- In recent years, benefitting from the rapid progress in “omics” studies for both symbiotic partners, great progress has been made in our understanding of the P and N uptake mechanisms in AM symbiosis. Future research should address the analysis of transcriptomic and metabolomic networks at both the soil–fungi interface and fungi–plant interface to open up new perspectives in depicting a bigger picture regarding symbiosis-mediated nutrient signaling regulatory networks.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Name | Accession Number | Species | References | |
---|---|---|---|---|
AM fungi | GiPT | AAK72559.1 | Glomus intraradices | [45] |
GvPT | AAC49132.1 | Glomus versiforme | [28] | |
GmosPT | AAZ22389.1 | Glomus mosseae | [43] | |
GigmPT | AHL29283.1 | Gigaspora margarita | [47] | |
Plant | ||||
Mycorrhiza-specific Pi transporters | MtPT4 | AAM76744 | Medicago truncatula | [51] |
OsPT11 | AAN39052 | Oryza staiva | [53] | |
SlPT4 | AAV97730 | Solanum lycopersicum | [37] | |
SlPT5 | AAX85194 | Solanum lycopersicum | [34] | |
PtPT10 | XP_002331845 | Populus trichocarpa | [65] | |
AsPT4 | AFU50503.1 | Astralagus sinicus | [50] | |
AsPT5 | AFU50504.1 | Astragalus sinicus | [55] | |
SbPT10 | XP_002436966 | Sorghum bicolor | [57] | |
ZmPT6 | NP_001105776 | Zea mays | [56] | |
LjPT3 | BAE93353.1 | Lotus japonicus | [54] | |
GmPT10 | NP_001241400 | Glysin max | [58] | |
GmPT11 | AFL02621 | Glysin max | ||
StPT4 | AAW51149 | Solanmum tuberosum | [38] | |
StPT5 | AY885654 | |||
PhPt4 | ACB37441 | [59] | ||
VvPT1 | XP_002267369.1 | Vitis vinifera | [60] | |
VvPT2 | XP_002267327.1 | |||
Mycorrhiza-induced Pi transporters | ||||
StPT3 | CAC87043 | Solanmum tuberosum | [61] | |
SlPT3 | AAV97729 | Solanum lycopersicum | [34] | |
SmPT3 | EF091668 | Solanum melongena | [77] | |
CfPT3 | ABK63962.1 | Capsicum frutescens | ||
NtPT3 | EF091669 | Nicotiana tabacum | ||
ZmPT9 | NP_001183901 | Zea mays | [63] | |
ZmPT1 | NP_001105269 | [64] | ||
ZmPT3 | AAY42387 | |||
ZmPT4 | AAY42388 | |||
ZmPT5 | AAY42389 | |||
GmPT7 | ACP19341 | Glysin max | [58] | |
PtPT8 | XP_002329198 | Populus trichocarpa | [65] | |
BdPT7 | XP_010229243 | Brachypodium distachyon | [66] | |
BdPT12 | XP_003581013 | |||
BdPT13 | XP_003581014 | |||
BdPT3 | XP 003557302.1 | |||
OsPT13 | AAN39054 | Oryza satival | [62] | |
LjPT4 | BAG71408 | Lotus japonicus | [69] | |
HvPHT1;11 | XP_044983919 | Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare | [67] | |
HvPHT1;12 | XP_044953977 | |||
HvPHT1;13.1 | XP_044969167 | |||
HvPHT1;13.2 | XP_044969168 | |||
HvPT8 | AY187023 | [68] | ||
TaPht-myc | AJ830009 | Triticum aestivum | [68] | |
SbPT9 | EES10479 | Sorghum bicolor | [78] | |
SbPT8 | XP_002464558 | |||
SbPT11 | XP_002458253 | |||
AsPT1 | AFU50500.1 | Astralagus sinicus | [50] | |
LuPT5 | Lus10014754 | Linum usitatissimum | [78] | |
LuPT8 | Lus10012860 | |||
PhPT3 | ACB37440 | Petunia hybrida | [59] | |
PhPT5 | ACB37442 | |||
H+-ATPase | ||||
OsHA1 | BAS81814 | Oryza staiva | [71] | |
MtHA1 | CAB85494 | Medicago truncatula | [70] | |
SlHA8 | Solyc08g078200.2.1 | Solanum lycopersicum | [73] | |
PMA2 | 4DX0_A | Nicotiana tabacum | [72] | |
PMA4 | 3M51_A | |||
Downregulated Pi transporters | OsPT1 | XP_015631295 | Oryza satival | [75] |
OsPT2 | XP_015630484 | |||
OsPT3 | XP_015614123 | |||
OsPT6 | XP_015649112 | |||
OsPT9 | AAN39050 | |||
OsPT10 | AAN39051 | |||
StPT1 | NP_001275200 | Solanum tuberosum | [61] | |
StPT2 | CAA67396 |
Nutrients | Accession Number | Name | Species | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nitrogen | ||||
AM fungi | ||||
Ammonium | CAI54276 | GintAMT1 | Rhizophagus irregularis | [131] |
CAX32490 | GintAMT2 | [129] | ||
ANI87614 | GintAMT3 | [125] | ||
Nitrate | XP_658612.1 | GiNT | [128] | |
Organic nitrogen | AAX81451 | GmosAAP1 | Funneliformis mosseae | [135] |
XP_025186378 | RiPTR2 | Rhizophagus irregularis | [136] | |
Plant | ||||
Ammonium | XP_025979915 | GmAMT1.4 | Glysin max | [138] |
XP_003524319 | GmAMT3.1 | |||
XP_003533686 | GmAMT4.1 | |||
XP_003553758 | GmAMT4.3 | |||
XP_014626736 | GmAMT4.4 | |||
ACQ91094 | LjAMT2.2 | Lotus japonicus | [137] | |
XP_002311703 | PtAMT1.1 | Populus trichocarpa | [139] | |
XP_024439713 | PtAMT1.2 | |||
XP_002456706 | SbAMT3.1 | Sorghum bicolor | [140] | |
XP_021307349 | SbAMT4 | |||
XM_019215621.2 | SlAMT4 | Solanum lycopersicum | [115] | |
XM004245353.2 | SlAMT5 | |||
XP_003629223 | MtAMT2.3 | Medicago truncatula | [141] | |
G7L1W7 | MtAMT2.4 | |||
A0A072VHJ1 | MtAMT2.5 | |||
AAL32128 | MtNIP1 | [142] | ||
Nitrate | ||||
NP_001234127 | SlNRT2.3 | Solanum lycopersicum | [105] | |
XP_015621687 | OsNPF4.5 | Oryza sativa | [11] | |
XP_020406064.1 | ZmNPF4.5 | Zea mays | ||
XP_021311980.1 | SbNPF4.5 | Sorghum bicolor | ||
XP_015620477.1 | OsNPF2.2 | Oryza sativa | [145] | |
XP_015636060.1 | OsNPF1.3 | |||
XP_015632236.1 | OsNPF6.4 | |||
Organic nitrogen | AAB69642 | LjPTR | Lotus japonicus | [146] |
AEE98384 | LjLHT1.2 | Lotus japonicus | [147] |
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Rui, W.; Mao, Z.; Li, Z. The Roles of Phosphorus and Nitrogen Nutrient Transporters in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 11027. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911027
Rui W, Mao Z, Li Z. The Roles of Phosphorus and Nitrogen Nutrient Transporters in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(19):11027. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911027
Chicago/Turabian StyleRui, Wenjing, Zhipeng Mao, and Zhifang Li. 2022. "The Roles of Phosphorus and Nitrogen Nutrient Transporters in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 19: 11027. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911027