The Antivirulence Activity of Umbelliferone and Its Protective Effect against A. hydrophila-Infected Grass Carp
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Inhibition of Virulence of A. hydrophila by Umbelliferone
2.2. Effects of Umbelliferone on Quorum-Sensing Signals of A. hydrophila
2.3. Transcriptome Changes in A. hydrophila after Umbelliferone Treatment
2.4. qRT-PCR Validation of Transcriptome Data
2.5. Protective Effect of Umbelliferone on Grass Carp Infected with A. hydrophila
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Bacterial Strains, Chemical Reagents, and Cultivation
4.2. Determinations of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Growth Curve
4.3. Biofilm Formation
4.4. Motility Assays
4.5. Hemolysis Assay
4.6. Determination of Quorum-Sensing Signals
4.7. RNA Isolation and Sequencing
4.8. Quantification of Gene Expression Level
4.9. Differential Expression and Functional Enrichment Analyses
4.10. qRT-PCR
4.11. Animal Experiments
4.12. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene Name | Log2 Fold Change | Description |
---|---|---|
Genes associated with exotoxin | ||
VU14_RS08845 | −1.6900 | HBL/NHE enterotoxin family protein |
VU14_RS08840 | −2.304 | Bacillus hemolytic enterotoxin (HBL) |
rtxA | −1.5406 | MARTX multifunctional-autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin holotoxin RtxA |
VU14_RS05570 | −1.5204 | Thermostable hemolysin |
Genes associated with two-component system | ||
VU14_RS20395 | −1.8170 | Two-component system response regulator |
VU14_RS05225 | −1.5966 | Response regulator receiver domain |
yehT | −1.6300 | Two-component system response regulator BtsR |
uhpB | −1.5975 | Signal transduction histidine-protein kinase/phosphatase UhpB |
Genes associated with secretory systems | ||
exeI | −1.6425 | GspI family T2SS minor pseudopilin variant ExeI |
exeN | −1.5519 | GspN family type II secretion system protein ExeN |
VU14_RS12995 | −2.4463 | Type VI secretion system ImpA family |
VU14_RS12990 | −2.0408 | Type VI secretion system PAAR protein |
vgrG | −1.7650 | Type VI secretion system effector VgrG |
tssK | −1.7623 | Type VI secretion system baseplate subunit TssK |
tssM | −1.6745 | Type VI secretion system membrane subunit TssM |
vasH | −1.1018 | σ-54-dependent transcriptional regulator VasH |
VU14_RS13025 | −1.5086 | Type VI secretion system protein DotU |
Genes associated with iron transport | ||
VU14_RS01835 | −2.1770 | Ligand-gated channel protein |
VU14_RS04515 | −1.8007 | Energy transducer TonB |
VU14_RS20175 | −1.7896 | TonB-dependent siderophore receptor |
VU14_RS04520 | −1.8444 | Biopolymer transporter ExbD |
VU14_RS14250 | −1.7692 | TonB-dependent hemoglobin/transferrin/lactoferrin family receptor |
VU14_RS17650 | −1.7498 | TonB-dependent hemoglobin/transferrin/lactoferrin family receptor |
VU14_RS20010 | −1.5912 | TonB-dependent copper receptor |
VU14_RS12465 | −1.5400 | TonB-dependent siderophore receptor |
amoA | −1.5178 | Isochorismate synthases AmoA |
amoG | −1.5635 | Amonabactin biosynthesis nonribosomal peptide synthetase AmoG |
amoH | −1.5880 | Amonabactin biosynthesis glycine adenylation protein AmoH |
Gene Name | Log2 Fold Change | Description |
---|---|---|
Genes associated with ribosomes | ||
rpsG | 2.2465 | 30S ribosomal protein S7 |
rpsF | 2.2355 | 30S ribosomal protein S6 |
rpsJ | 2.1849 | 30S ribosomal protein S10 |
rpsR | 2.1632 | 30S ribosomal protein S18 |
Genes associated with citrate cycle (TCA cycle) | ||
mdh | 2.3949 | Malate dehydrogenase |
VU14_RS12215 | 2.6071 | Fumarate hydratase |
frdD | 2.3141 | Fumarate reductase subunit FrdD |
sucD | 1.9545 | Succinate-CoA ligase subunit α |
Genes associated with carbon metabolism | ||
VU14_RS04850 | 2.2821 | Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase |
fadB | 2.4898 | Fatty acid oxidation complex subunit α FadB |
VU14_RS06340 | 1.6773 | Formate dehydrogenase subunit α |
Genes associated with oxidative phosphorylation | ||
frdD | 2.3141 | Fumarate reductase subunit FrdD |
sdhD | 1.7136 | Succinate dehydrogenase hydrophobic membrane anchor protein |
sdhC | 1.5912 | Succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b556 subunit |
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Zhao, L.; Jin, X.; Xiong, Z.; Tang, H.; Guo, H.; Ye, G.; Chen, D.; Yang, S.; Yin, Z.; Fu, H.; et al. The Antivirulence Activity of Umbelliferone and Its Protective Effect against A. hydrophila-Infected Grass Carp. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 11119. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911119
Zhao L, Jin X, Xiong Z, Tang H, Guo H, Ye G, Chen D, Yang S, Yin Z, Fu H, et al. The Antivirulence Activity of Umbelliferone and Its Protective Effect against A. hydrophila-Infected Grass Carp. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(19):11119. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911119
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Ling, Xiaoyu Jin, Ziqian Xiong, Huaqiao Tang, Hongrui Guo, Gang Ye, Defang Chen, Shiyong Yang, Zhongqiong Yin, Hualin Fu, and et al. 2022. "The Antivirulence Activity of Umbelliferone and Its Protective Effect against A. hydrophila-Infected Grass Carp" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 19: 11119. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911119