Effects of Combined Pentadecanoic Acid and Tamoxifen Treatment on Tamoxifen Resistance in MCF−7/SC Breast Cancer Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Characterization of Drug−Resistant Human Breast Cancer MCF−7/SC
2.2. Tamoxifen Resistance of MCF−7/SC Cells Compared with the Parental MCF−7 Cells
2.3. Effect of Combined Pentadecanoic acid and Tamoxifen Treatment on the Growth of MCF−7/SC Cells
2.4. Effect of Combined Pentadecanoic Acid and Tamoxifen Treatment on Cell Cycle in MCF−7/SC
2.5. Effect of Combined Pentadecanoic Acid and Tamoxifen Treatment on Apoptosis in MCF−7/SC
2.6. Effect of Combined Pentadecanoic Acid and Tamoxifen Treatment on Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition
2.7. Effect of Combined Pentadecanoic Acid and Tamoxifen Treatment on ER−α Expression in MCF−7/SC Cells
2.8. Effect of Combined Pentadecanoic Acid and Tamoxifen Treatment on Cell Survival Signaling Pathways
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cell Lines and Cell Culture
4.2. Cell Viability Assay
4.3. Colony Formation Assay
4.4. Wound Healing Assay
4.5. Cell Invasion Assay
4.6. Flow Cytometry
4.7. Western Blotting
4.8. Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT−PCR)
4.9. Transcriptomic Analysis
4.10. Correlation Analysis Using the Kaplan–Meier Plotter
4.11. Combination Index Analysis
4.12. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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To, N.B.; Truong, V.N.-P.; Ediriweera, M.K.; Cho, S.K. Effects of Combined Pentadecanoic Acid and Tamoxifen Treatment on Tamoxifen Resistance in MCF−7/SC Breast Cancer Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 11340. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911340
To NB, Truong VN-P, Ediriweera MK, Cho SK. Effects of Combined Pentadecanoic Acid and Tamoxifen Treatment on Tamoxifen Resistance in MCF−7/SC Breast Cancer Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(19):11340. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911340
Chicago/Turabian StyleTo, Ngoc Bao, Vi Nguyen-Phuong Truong, Meran Keshawa Ediriweera, and Somi Kim Cho. 2022. "Effects of Combined Pentadecanoic Acid and Tamoxifen Treatment on Tamoxifen Resistance in MCF−7/SC Breast Cancer Cells" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 19: 11340. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911340