Oxidative Stress as a Contributor to Insulin Resistance in the Skeletal Muscles of Mice with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Increased Oxidative Stress in the Whole-Body and Skeletal Muscles of Mice with DHEA-Induced PCOS
2.2. Increased ROS Levels in Testosterone-Treated C2C12 Cells
2.3. Impaired Mitochondrial Function and Insulin Sensitivity in T-Treated C2C12 Cells
2.4. NOX4 Plays an Important Role in T-Induced ROS Production in C2C12 Cells
2.5. T Induces ROS in C2C12 Cells by Binding to the Androgen Receptor (AR)
2.6. Reducing ROS Levels Ameliorates Mitochondrial Function and Insulin Resistance in T-Treated C2C12 Cells
2.7. NAC Ameliorates Insulin Resistance in the Skeletal Muscle of DHEA-Induced PCOS Mice
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Animals and Treatments
4.2. Tissue Collection
4.3. Oxidative-Redox Metabolome in Serum and Tissues
4.4. Cell Culture and Treatments
4.5. Detection of ROS and Total Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity
4.6. Determination of ATP Content
4.7. Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Determination
4.8. Western Blot Analysis
4.9. Extraction of RNA and Quantitative Real-Time PCR Analysis
4.10. Small Interfering RNA (siRNA) Transfection
4.11. Immunofluorescence Microscopy Analysis
4.12. Insulin-Signaling Assay in Animals and Cultured Cells
4.13. MTT Assay
4.14. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Yao, Q.; Zou, X.; Liu, S.; Wu, H.; Shen, Q.; Kang, J. Oxidative Stress as a Contributor to Insulin Resistance in the Skeletal Muscles of Mice with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 11384. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911384
Yao Q, Zou X, Liu S, Wu H, Shen Q, Kang J. Oxidative Stress as a Contributor to Insulin Resistance in the Skeletal Muscles of Mice with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(19):11384. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911384
Chicago/Turabian StyleYao, Qiyang, Xin Zou, Shihe Liu, Haowen Wu, Qiyang Shen, and Jihong Kang. 2022. "Oxidative Stress as a Contributor to Insulin Resistance in the Skeletal Muscles of Mice with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 19: 11384. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911384