Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage Markers in Colorectal Cancer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Clinical and Anthropometric Characteristics
2.2. Oxidative Stress Markers
2.3. Association with Tumor Stages
2.3.1. Biochemical, Anemia, Tumor and Inflammation Markers
2.3.2. Oxidative Stress Markers
2.4. Correlation Analysis
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Design
4.2. Study Population
4.3. Analytical Assays
4.3.1. Biochemical and Hematological Studies in Serum and Blood Samples
4.3.2. Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Profile
4.4. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Control (n = 60) | CRC (n = 80) | p-Value | * Adjusted p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 64.0 ± 9.0 | 67.5 ± 11.8 | 0.052 | - |
Male/Female (n; %) | 36/24; 60/40 | 52/28; 65/35 | 0.548 | - |
Weight (kg) | 74.4 ± 16.3 | 77.3 ± 15 | <0.001 | - |
Height (cm) | 168 ± 11 | 165.5 ± 9.8 | <0.001 | - |
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.1 ± 3.0 | 28.1 ± 3.9 | 0.001 | - |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 96.2 ± 14.4 | 116.6 ± 52.3 | <0.001 | 0.001 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 2.0 ± 8.6 | 0.319 | 0.269 |
Urea (mg/dL) | 40.9 ± 7.2 | 38.8 ± 15.9 | 0.878 | 0.296 |
EGF (mL/min) | 81.1 ± 8.7 | 78.9 ± 20.9 | 0.399 | 0.720 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 195.7 ± 34.3 | 180.4 ± 39.1 | 0.018 | 0.026 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 50.7 ± 12.8 | 43.2 ± 10.8 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 144.9 ± 30.0 | 114.5 ± 34.7 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 112.0 (98; 142.8) | 108.5 (83.3; 141) | 0.954 | 0.777 |
Uric acid (mg/dL) | 4.5 ± 1.6 | 5.3 ± 1.7 | 0.003 | 0.058 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 3.9 ± 0.4 | 4.2 ± 0.5 | 0.001 | <0.001 |
Total proteins (g/dL) | 7.0 ± 0.5 | 6.9 ± 0.4 | 0.472 | 0.577 |
Ferritin (µg/L) | 133.5 ± 75.4 | 67.5 ± 144.9 | 0.002 | 0.008 |
Iron (µg/dL) | 79.7 ± 19.1 | 57.6 ± 41.0 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Transferrin (mg/dL) | 269.3 ± 46.5 | 291.1 ± 51.4 | 0.011 | 0.016 |
TSI (%) | 30.5 ± 8.9 | 16.2 ± 11.1 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
CRP (mg/L) | 6.2 ± 1.3 | 11.0 ± 23.6 | 0.072 | 0.076 |
IL-6 (pg/mL) | 2.7 ± 1.4 | 19.7 ± 26.5 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Leukocytes (×103/mm3) | 7.0 ± 1.7 | 7.7 ± 1.8 | 0.016 | 0.018 |
Neutrophils (%) | 56.0 ± 6.0 | 62.9 ± 8.4 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Lymphocytes (%) | 29.8 ± 10.2 | 27.7 ± 12.0 | 0.221 | 0.531 |
N/L (-) | 2.1 ± 1.4 | 2.7 ± 1.6 | 0.005 | 0.013 |
Platelets (x105/mm3) | 206.0 ± 60.0 | 253.5 ± 74.0 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Fibrinogen (mg/dL) | 352.3 ± 70.8 | 483.8 ± 101.7 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 14.2 ± 1.5 | 12.9 ± 1.9 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Hematocrit (%) | 42.5 ± 4.6 | 37.7 ± 5.1 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
MCV (fL) | 85.7 ± 4.8 | 83.4 ± 8.4 | 0.046 | 0.135 |
CEA (ng/mL) | 2.35 ± 1.15 | 7.51 ± 11.0 | <0.001 | 0.004 |
CA 19.9 (UI/mL) | 9.03 ± 6.53 | 23.0 ± 30.4 | 0.002 | 0.011 |
Variable | Stage 0 | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
CAT (mU/mL) | 160.1 ± 5.43 a | 140.0 ± 3.92 b | 88.9 ± 4.32 b | 0.002 |
GSH (µmol/mL) | 2.52 ± 0.72 a | 2.32 ± 0.65 a,b | 1.86 ± 0.09 b | 0.045 |
GSSG (µmol/mL) | 1.06 ± 0.44 a | 1.03 ± 0.39 a | 1.68 ± 1.68 b | 0.002 |
GSSG/GSH (%) | 47.6 ± 31.3 a | 48.3 ± 25.7 a | 90.7 ± 33.9 b | 0.002 |
8-oxodG (nmol/mmol crea) | 12.2 ± 4.35 a | 12.0 ± 3.97 a | 19.3 ± 6.36 b | 0.001 |
F2-IsoPs (pg/mg crea) | 106.6 ± 3.8 a | 107.2 ± 3.5 a | 128.2 ± 6.3 b | 0.004 |
CAT (mU/mL) | GSH (μmol/mL) | GSSG (μmol/mL) | GSSG/GSH (%) | 8-oxodG (nmol/mmol crea) | F2-IsoPs (pg/mg crea) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tumor markers | ||||||
CEA (ng/mL) | −0.379 *** | −0.270 ** | 0.292 ** | 0.276 ** | 0.300 *** | 0.183 ** |
CA 19.9 (IU/mL) | −0.412 *** | −0.292 ** | 0.345 *** | 0.322 *** | 0.257 ** | 0.343 *** |
Anemia markers | ||||||
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
Hematocrit (%) | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
MCV (fL) | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
Inflammatory markers | ||||||
CRP (mg/L) | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
IL-6 (pg/mL) | −0.237 *** | −0.328 *** | 0.419 *** | 0.385 *** | 0.366*** | 0.367 *** |
Leukocytes (×103/mm3) | −0.237 ** | n.s. | 0.186 * | 0.173 * | 0.193 * | 0.260 ** |
Neutrophils (%) | −0.236 ** | −0.318 *** | 0.362 *** | 0.330 *** | 0.332 *** | 0.356 *** |
N/L (-) | −0.187 * | −0.175 * | 0.232 ** | 0.181 * | 0.246 ** | 0.268 *** |
Platelets (×105/mm3) | −0.256 ** | −0.300 *** | 0.240 ** | 0.239 ** | 0.302 *** | 0.294 *** |
Fibrinogen (mg/dL) | −0.471 *** | −0.462 *** | 0.521 *** | 0.521 *** | 0.522 *** | 0.535 *** |
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Acevedo-León, D.; Monzó-Beltrán, L.; Pérez-Sánchez, L.; Naranjo-Morillo, E.; Gómez-Abril, S.Á.; Estañ-Capell, N.; Bañuls, C.; Sáez, G. Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage Markers in Colorectal Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 11664. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911664
Acevedo-León D, Monzó-Beltrán L, Pérez-Sánchez L, Naranjo-Morillo E, Gómez-Abril SÁ, Estañ-Capell N, Bañuls C, Sáez G. Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage Markers in Colorectal Cancer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(19):11664. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911664
Chicago/Turabian StyleAcevedo-León, Delia, Lidia Monzó-Beltrán, Laura Pérez-Sánchez, Eva Naranjo-Morillo, Segundo Ángel Gómez-Abril, Nuria Estañ-Capell, Celia Bañuls, and Guillermo Sáez. 2022. "Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage Markers in Colorectal Cancer" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 19: 11664. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911664