Variation of miRNA Content in Cow Raw Milk Depending on the Dairy Production System
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. MiRNAs with Differential Levels in Cow Milk According to Production System
2.2. miRNA Functionality and Pathway Analyses
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Farms
4.2. Farm Classification
4.3. Sample Collection and Processing
4.4. Total RNA Extraction
4.5. Quantitative Real-Time PCR
4.6. Prediction of Potential Functions and Pathways of Genes Targeted by Milk miRNAs
4.7. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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KEGG Signaling Pathway | Biomarker | No. of Target Genes | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
bta-miR-103 | bta-miR-155 | bta-miR-532 | bta-miR-7863 | |||
AMPK 1 | x | x | x | 38 | 4.6 × 10−7 | |
MAPK | x | x | x | x | 67 | 3.2 × 10−6 |
PI3K-Akt 2 | x | x | x | 27 | 5.6 × 10−5 | |
Oxytocin | x | x | x | 38 | 1.1 × 10−4 | |
Prolactin | x | x | 25 | 1.2 × 10−4 | ||
Insulin | x | x | 35 | 1.4 × 10−4 | ||
Ras 3 | x | x | x | 53 | 1.6 × 10−4 | |
Growth hormone synthesis, secretion and action | x | x | 31 | 1.8 × 10−4 | ||
TGF-beta 4 | x | x | 25 | 6.2 × 10−4 | ||
Calcium | x | x | 52 | 7.3 × 10−4 | ||
Glucagon | x | 24 | 6.0 × 10−3 | |||
Lipid and atherosclerosis | x | x | 43 | 2.5 × 10−2 | ||
cGMP-PKG 5 | x | 32 | 3.3 × 10−2 | |||
Mineral absorption | x | 13 | 8.3 × 10−2 | |||
Lysine degradation | x | 14 | 9.7 × 10−2 |
Biological Process | Biomarker | No. of Target Genes | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
bta-miR-103 | bta-miR-155 | bta-miR-532 | bta-miR-7863 | |||
Growth regulation | x | 11 | 2.5 × 10−3 | |||
Transport | x | 249 | 1.4 × 10−2 | |||
Ion transport | x | 79 | 1.6 × 10−2 | |||
Calcium transport | x | 15 | 1.7 × 10−2 | |||
Amino- acid transport | x | 7 | 2.4 × 10−2 | |||
Protein transport | x | x | 67 | 2.7 × 10−2 | ||
Differentiation | x | 45 | 6.0 × 10−2 | |||
Sodium transport | x | 13 | 9.5 × 10−2 |
Molecular Function | Biomarker | No. of Target Genes | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
bta-miR-103 | bta-miR-155 | bta-miR-532 | bta-miR-7863 | |||
Transferase | x | x | x | x | 279 | 1.4 × 10−20 |
Activator | x | x | x | 64 | 1.3 × 10−8 | |
Ion channel | x | x | 65 | 3.0 × 10−8 | ||
Serine/threonine-protein kinase | x | x | x | x | 55 | 7.1 × 10−8 |
Developmental protein | x | x | x | 64 | 3.0 × 10−6 | |
Glycosyltransferase | x | 31 | 2.5 × 10−3 | |||
Hydrolase | x | x | x | 182 | 2.8 × 10−3 | |
Growth factor | x | 17 | 9.0 × 10−3 | |||
Protein phosphatase | x | x | 19 | 1.3 × 10−2 | ||
Guanine-nucleotide releasing factor | x | x | 16 | 1.6 × 10−2 | ||
Calcium channel | x | 8 | 4.0 × 10−2 | |||
Potassium channel | x | 12 | 4.8 × 10−2 |
Ration Composition | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Production System | Grazing | Fresh Grass in the Stable | Grass Silage | Corn Silage | Concentrated Feed |
Grazing (n = 44) | + | - | - | - | + |
+ | + | - | - | + | |
+ | - | + | - | + | |
+ | - | + | - | + | |
+ | - | - | - | + | |
+ | + | + | - | + | |
+ | - | + | + | + | |
+ | - | + | + | + | |
Zero grazing (n = 13) | - | + | + | - | + |
- | + | - | - | + | |
- | + | + | - | + | |
- | + | - | - | + | |
Grass silage (n = 10) | - | - | + | - | + |
Corn silage (n = 45) | - | - | + | + | + |
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Abou el qassim, L.; Le Guillou, S.; Royo, L.J. Variation of miRNA Content in Cow Raw Milk Depending on the Dairy Production System. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 11681. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911681
Abou el qassim L, Le Guillou S, Royo LJ. Variation of miRNA Content in Cow Raw Milk Depending on the Dairy Production System. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(19):11681. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911681
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbou el qassim, Loubna, Sandrine Le Guillou, and Luis J. Royo. 2022. "Variation of miRNA Content in Cow Raw Milk Depending on the Dairy Production System" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 19: 11681. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911681