Rhamnetin, a Natural Flavonoid, Ameliorates Organ Damage in a Mouse Model of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii-Induced Sepsis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Rhamnetin Inhibits Several Inflammatory Markers
2.2. Rhamnetin Is Less Toxic Than Its Isoforms to Mammalian Cells
2.3. Rhamnetin Inhibits the Production of Cytokines in E. coli-Infected Mouse Macrophages
2.4. Rhamnetin Inhibits Cytokine Production in CRAB-Infected Mouse Macrophages
2.5. Rhamnetin Treatment Is Effective for E. coli-Induced Sepsis
2.6. Rhamnetin Protects Mice from CRAB-Induced Septic Shock
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Bacterial Strains
4.2. Materials
4.3. In Vitro Cytotoxicity Assay
4.4. Infection of Macrophages with Bacteria
4.5. Quantification of Inflammatory Markers in Murine Macrophages
4.6. Animals
4.7. Measurement of Antiseptic Activity of Rhamnetin in a Mouse Model of Septic Shock
4.8. Evaluation of Bacterial Clearance
4.9. Measurement of AST, ALT, and BUN Levels in Mouse Serum
4.10. Histological Evaluation of Lung Tissue
4.11. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Lee, H.; Krishnan, M.; Kim, M.; Yoon, Y.K.; Kim, Y. Rhamnetin, a Natural Flavonoid, Ameliorates Organ Damage in a Mouse Model of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii-Induced Sepsis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 12895. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232112895
Lee H, Krishnan M, Kim M, Yoon YK, Kim Y. Rhamnetin, a Natural Flavonoid, Ameliorates Organ Damage in a Mouse Model of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii-Induced Sepsis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(21):12895. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232112895
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Hyeju, Manigandan Krishnan, Minju Kim, Young Kyung Yoon, and Yangmee Kim. 2022. "Rhamnetin, a Natural Flavonoid, Ameliorates Organ Damage in a Mouse Model of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii-Induced Sepsis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 21: 12895. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232112895