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Article

The Genome of the Mitochondrion-Related Organelle in Cepedea longa, a Large Endosymbiotic Opalinid Inhabiting the Recta of Frogs

by
Weishan Zhao
1,2,3,
Xialian Bu
1,2,4,
Hong Zou
1,2,
Wenxiang Li
1,2,
Shangong Wu
1,2,
Ming Li
1,2,3,* and
Guitang Wang
1,2
1
State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 7 Donghu South Road, Wuhan 430072, China
2
The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
3
Protist 10,000 Genomics Project (P10K) Consortium, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
4
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(21), 13472; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113472
Submission received: 5 September 2022 / Revised: 13 October 2022 / Accepted: 1 November 2022 / Published: 3 November 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Genetics and Genomics)
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Abstract

Mitochondrion-related organelles (MROs) are loosely defined as degenerated mitochondria in anaerobic and microaerophilic lineages. Opalinids are commonly regarded as commensals in the guts of cold-blooded amphibians. It may represent an intermediate adaptation stage between the conventional aerobic mitochondria and derived anaerobic MROs. In the present study, we sequenced and analyzed the MRO genome of Cepedea longa. It has a linear MRO genome with large inverted repeat gene regions at both ends. Compared to Blastocystis and Proteromonas lacertae, the MRO genome of C. longa has a higher G + C content and repeat sequences near the central region. Although three Opalinata species have different morphological characteristics, phylogenetic analyses based on eight concatenated nad genes indicate that they are close relatives. The phylogenetic analysis showed that C. longa clustered with P. lacertae with strong support. The 18S rRNA gene-based phylogeny resolved the Opalinea clade as a sister clade to Karotomorpha, which then further grouped with Proteromonas. The paraphyly of Proteromonadea needs to be verified due to the lack of MRO genomes for key species, such as Karotomorpha, Opalina and Protoopalina. Besides, our dataset and analyses offered slight support for the paraphyly of Bigyra.
Keywords: Cepedea longa; mitochondrion-related organelle; organellar genome; stramenopile; phylogenetic analyses Cepedea longa; mitochondrion-related organelle; organellar genome; stramenopile; phylogenetic analyses

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhao, W.; Bu, X.; Zou, H.; Li, W.; Wu, S.; Li, M.; Wang, G. The Genome of the Mitochondrion-Related Organelle in Cepedea longa, a Large Endosymbiotic Opalinid Inhabiting the Recta of Frogs. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 13472. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113472

AMA Style

Zhao W, Bu X, Zou H, Li W, Wu S, Li M, Wang G. The Genome of the Mitochondrion-Related Organelle in Cepedea longa, a Large Endosymbiotic Opalinid Inhabiting the Recta of Frogs. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(21):13472. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113472

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhao, Weishan, Xialian Bu, Hong Zou, Wenxiang Li, Shangong Wu, Ming Li, and Guitang Wang. 2022. "The Genome of the Mitochondrion-Related Organelle in Cepedea longa, a Large Endosymbiotic Opalinid Inhabiting the Recta of Frogs" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 21: 13472. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113472

APA Style

Zhao, W., Bu, X., Zou, H., Li, W., Wu, S., Li, M., & Wang, G. (2022). The Genome of the Mitochondrion-Related Organelle in Cepedea longa, a Large Endosymbiotic Opalinid Inhabiting the Recta of Frogs. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(21), 13472. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113472

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