Hemolytic Activity, Cytotoxicity, and Antimicrobial Effects of Silver Nanoparticles Conjugated with Lincomycin or Cefazolin
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Immobilization of Antibiotics on AgNPs
2.2. Physicochemical Properties of Unmodified and Antibiotic-Bound AgNPs
2.3. Biological Properties
2.3.1. Hemolytic Activity
2.3.2. Cytotoxicity
Results of Fluorescence Microscopy—Quantitative Analysis
Results of Fluorescence Microscopy—Qualitative Analysis
2.3.3. Antimicrobial Activity
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles
3.2. Engraftment of Spacers and Immobilization of Antibiotics
3.3. Study of Physical and Chemical Properties of Nanoparticles
3.4. Study of Hemolytic Activity of Colloidal Solutions
3.5. Study of Cytotoxic Properties
3.6. Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity
3.7. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Hemolysis Coefficient, %, Mean ± SD | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Blood of the Donor 1 | Blood of the Donor 2 | |||||
1 h | 2 h | 24 h | 1 h | 2 h | 24 h | |
NC | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
PC | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
AgNP | 0.221 ± 0.009 | 0.496 ± 0.019 | 0.589 ± 0.024 | 0.072 ± 0.003 | 0 | 0.068 ± 0.003 |
CEZ | 0.001 ± 0.021 | 0.733 ± 0.713 | 0 | 0 | 0.072 ± 0.064 | 0.388 ± 0.004 |
LCM | 86.879 ± 4.748 | 90.613 ± 1.413 | 86.718 ± 1.051 | 54.951 ± 1.487 | 69.374 ± 3.488 | 74.684 ± 1.052 |
AgNP-GSH | 0.129 ± 0.005 | 0.332 ± 0.013 | 0.898 ± 0.036 | 0.288 ± 0.012 | 0.112 ± 0.004 | 0.138 ± 0.006 |
AgNP–Alb | 0.611 ± 0.024 | 1.012 ± 0.038 | 0.457 ± 0.018 | 0.812 ± 0.032 | 0.963 ± 0.038 | 0.557 ± 0.022 |
AgNP–GSH–CEZ | 0.262 ± 0.011 | 0.222 ± 0.009 | 0.058 ± 0.002 | 0.202 ± 0.008 | 0 | 0.341 ± 0.014 |
AgNP–Alb–LCM | 80.882 ± 3.238 | 77.144 ± 3.081 | 68.442 ± 2.742 | 12.837 ± 0.506 | 26.511 ± 1.058 | 22.009 ± 0.878 |
Preparations | Cells/mm2, Mean ± SD |
---|---|
PBS 10 µL | 581 ± 83 |
PBS 100 µL | 592 ± 89 |
AgNP–GSH–CEZ—10 µL | 482 ± 80 * |
AgNP–GSH–CEZ—100 µL | 2 ± 3 * |
AgNP–Alb–LCM—10 µL | 433 ± 160 * |
AgNP–Alb–LCM—100 µL | 2 ± 3 * |
Preparation | TEST CULTURES | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zones of Growth Inhibition (mm) | |||||
S. aureus | E. coli | K. pneumoniae | P. aeruginosa | ||
Sample # 1—AgNP–Alb–LCN (sterile solution) | Control | 9 * | 9 | 9 | 9 |
LCN | 50 ± 1 | 32 ± 1 | 35 ± 1 | 18 ± 1 | |
AgNP–Alb–LCN | 50 ± 1 | 32 ± 2 | 35 ± 2 | 12 ± 1 | |
Sample # 2—AgNP–GSH–CEZ (sterile solution) | Control | 9 * | 9 | 9 | 9 |
CEZ | 45 ± 1 | 41 ± 1 | 50 ± 1 | 9 | |
AgNP–GSH–CEZ | 45 ± 2 | 40 ± 2 | 48 ± 2 | 9 |
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Korolev, D.; Shumilo, M.; Shulmeyster, G.; Krutikov, A.; Golovkin, A.; Mishanin, A.; Spiridonova, A.; Kulagina, O.; Galagudza, M. Hemolytic Activity, Cytotoxicity, and Antimicrobial Effects of Silver Nanoparticles Conjugated with Lincomycin or Cefazolin. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 13709. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232213709
Korolev D, Shumilo M, Shulmeyster G, Krutikov A, Golovkin A, Mishanin A, Spiridonova A, Kulagina O, Galagudza M. Hemolytic Activity, Cytotoxicity, and Antimicrobial Effects of Silver Nanoparticles Conjugated with Lincomycin or Cefazolin. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(22):13709. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232213709
Chicago/Turabian StyleKorolev, Dmitriy, Michael Shumilo, Galina Shulmeyster, Alexander Krutikov, Alexey Golovkin, Alexander Mishanin, Anna Spiridonova, Olga Kulagina, and Michael Galagudza. 2022. "Hemolytic Activity, Cytotoxicity, and Antimicrobial Effects of Silver Nanoparticles Conjugated with Lincomycin or Cefazolin" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 22: 13709. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232213709