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Review

The bHLH Transcription Factors in Neural Development and Therapeutic Applications for Neurodegenerative Diseases

1
Joint Section of Science in Environmental Technology, Food Technology, and Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Incheon 21569, Korea
2
Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(22), 13936; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232213936
Submission received: 19 September 2022 / Revised: 4 November 2022 / Accepted: 8 November 2022 / Published: 11 November 2022
(This article belongs to the Collection Feature Paper Collection in Biochemistry)

Abstract

The development of functional neural circuits in the central nervous system (CNS) requires the production of sufficient numbers of various types of neurons and glial cells, such as astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, at the appropriate periods and regions. Hence, severe neuronal loss of the circuits can cause neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington’s disease (HD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Treatment of such neurodegenerative diseases caused by neuronal loss includes some strategies of cell therapy employing stem cells (such as neural progenitor cells (NPCs)) and gene therapy through cell fate conversion. In this report, we review how bHLH acts as a regulator in neuronal differentiation, reprogramming, and cell fate determination. Moreover, several different researchers are conducting studies to determine the importance of bHLH factors to direct neuronal and glial cell fate specification and differentiation. Therefore, we also investigated the limitations and future directions of conversion or transdifferentiation using bHLH factors.
Keywords: AtN conversion; basic helix-loop-helix; cell therapy; gene therapy; iPSC; reprogramming; TRANsCre-DIONE; transdifferentiation; tunneling nanotubes AtN conversion; basic helix-loop-helix; cell therapy; gene therapy; iPSC; reprogramming; TRANsCre-DIONE; transdifferentiation; tunneling nanotubes

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lee, D.G.; Kim, Y.-K.; Baek, K.-H. The bHLH Transcription Factors in Neural Development and Therapeutic Applications for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 13936. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232213936

AMA Style

Lee DG, Kim Y-K, Baek K-H. The bHLH Transcription Factors in Neural Development and Therapeutic Applications for Neurodegenerative Diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(22):13936. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232213936

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lee, Dong Gi, Young-Kwang Kim, and Kwang-Hyun Baek. 2022. "The bHLH Transcription Factors in Neural Development and Therapeutic Applications for Neurodegenerative Diseases" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 22: 13936. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232213936

APA Style

Lee, D. G., Kim, Y.-K., & Baek, K.-H. (2022). The bHLH Transcription Factors in Neural Development and Therapeutic Applications for Neurodegenerative Diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(22), 13936. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232213936

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