Differential Immunomodulatory Effects of Head and Neck Cancer-Derived Exosomes on B Cells in the Presence of ATP
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Isolation of Tumor-Derived Exosomes (TEX) and Regulatory B Cells (Bregs) from HNSCC
2.2. Effects of TEX and ATP on B-Cell Proliferation
2.2.1. Immunosuppressive Effects of TEX on B-Cell Proliferation
2.2.2. Dose-Dependent Immunomodulatory Effects of ATP and TEX on B Cells
2.3. Effects of ATP and TEX on CD39 Expression on B Cells
2.3.1. Dose-Dependent Effects of ATP on CD39 Expression on B Cells
2.3.2. Dose-Dependent Effect of TEX on CD39 Expression on B Cells in Presence of ATP
2.4. Effects of ATP and TEX on Cell Death in B cells
2.4.1. Effects of ATP on Annexin V/Propidium Iodide (PI) Positivity in Activated B Cells
2.4.2. Effects of ATP and TEX on Annexin V/Propidium Iodide (PI) Positivity in Activated B Cells
2.5. Effects of ATP and TEX on Apoptosis-Associated Proteins in B Cells
2.5.1. Overall Effects of ATP and TEX on Apoptosis-Associated Proteins in Activated B Cells
2.5.2. Effects of ATP and TEX on Pro- and Anti-Apoptotic Proteins in Activated B Cells
2.5.3. Effects of ATP and TEX on Specific Apoptosis-Associated Proteins in Activated B Cells
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cell Culture
4.2. Isolation of Exosomes
4.3. Quantification and Characterization of Isolated Exosomes
4.4. Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) and Isolation of Peripheral Blood B-Cells
4.5. CFSE-Based Proliferation Assay and Co-Incubation Assays
4.6. Co-Incubation Assays
4.7. Cell Surface Antigen Staining for Flow Cytometry
4.8. Annexin V/Propidium Iodide (PI) Staining Assay
4.9. Apoptotic Protein Profiling
4.10. Western Blotting
4.11. Isolation of Regulatory B Cells (Bregs) from HNSCC Biopsy Samples
4.12. Ethical Approval
4.13. Statistics
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Coray, M.; Göldi, V.; Schmid, L.; Benecke, L.; Figueiró, F.; Muller, L. Differential Immunomodulatory Effects of Head and Neck Cancer-Derived Exosomes on B Cells in the Presence of ATP. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 14446. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214446
Coray M, Göldi V, Schmid L, Benecke L, Figueiró F, Muller L. Differential Immunomodulatory Effects of Head and Neck Cancer-Derived Exosomes on B Cells in the Presence of ATP. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(22):14446. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214446
Chicago/Turabian StyleCoray, Mali, Veronika Göldi, Lukas Schmid, Laura Benecke, Fabrício Figueiró, and Laurent Muller. 2022. "Differential Immunomodulatory Effects of Head and Neck Cancer-Derived Exosomes on B Cells in the Presence of ATP" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 22: 14446. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214446