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Review

Natural Taxanes: From Plant Composition to Human Pharmacology and Toxicity

by
Ľuboš Nižnanský
1,2,
Denisa Osinová
3,*,
Roman Kuruc
1,2,*,
Alexandra Hengerics Szabó
4,
Andrea Szórádová
1,2,
Marián Masár
5 and
Žofia Nižnanská
1,2,5
1
Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Health Care Surveillance Authority, Antolská 11, 85107 Bratislava, Slovakia
2
Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinková 4, 81108 Bratislava, Slovakia
3
Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Malá Hora 4a, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
4
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, J. Selye University, Bratislavská cesta 3322, 94501 Komárno, Slovakia
5
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská Dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(24), 15619; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415619
Submission received: 5 November 2022 / Revised: 5 December 2022 / Accepted: 6 December 2022 / Published: 9 December 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Comeback to Natural Therapeutics in Modern Age: Insights into Molecular Modes of Action of Natural Products)
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Abstract

Biologically active taxanes, present in small- to medium-sized evergreen conifers of various Taxus species, are widely used for their antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, but mostly for their antitumour effects used in the treatment of solid tumours of the breast, ovary, lung, bladder, prostate, oesophagus and melanoma. More of the substances found in Taxus plant extracts have medical potential. Therefore, at the beginning of this review, we describe the methods of isolation, identification and determination of taxanes in different plant parts. One of the most important taxanes is paclitaxel, for which we summarize the pharmacokinetic parameters of its different formulations. We also describe toxicological risks during clinical therapy such as hypersensitivity, neurotoxicity, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, haematological, skin and renal toxicity and toxicity to the respiratory system. Since the effect of the drug-form PTX is enhanced by various Taxus spp. extracts, we summarize published clinical intoxications and all fatal poisonings for the Taxus baccata plant. This showed that, despite their significant use in anticancer treatment, attention should also be focused on the risk of fatal intoxication due to ingestion of extracts from these plants, which are commonly found in our surroundings.
Keywords: natural taxanes; paclitaxel; plant composition; pharmacokinetics; toxicity; intoxication; Taxus baccata; death natural taxanes; paclitaxel; plant composition; pharmacokinetics; toxicity; intoxication; Taxus baccata; death

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MDPI and ACS Style

Nižnanský, Ľ.; Osinová, D.; Kuruc, R.; Hengerics Szabó, A.; Szórádová, A.; Masár, M.; Nižnanská, Ž. Natural Taxanes: From Plant Composition to Human Pharmacology and Toxicity. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 15619. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415619

AMA Style

Nižnanský Ľ, Osinová D, Kuruc R, Hengerics Szabó A, Szórádová A, Masár M, Nižnanská Ž. Natural Taxanes: From Plant Composition to Human Pharmacology and Toxicity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(24):15619. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415619

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nižnanský, Ľuboš, Denisa Osinová, Roman Kuruc, Alexandra Hengerics Szabó, Andrea Szórádová, Marián Masár, and Žofia Nižnanská. 2022. "Natural Taxanes: From Plant Composition to Human Pharmacology and Toxicity" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 24: 15619. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415619

APA Style

Nižnanský, Ľ., Osinová, D., Kuruc, R., Hengerics Szabó, A., Szórádová, A., Masár, M., & Nižnanská, Ž. (2022). Natural Taxanes: From Plant Composition to Human Pharmacology and Toxicity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(24), 15619. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415619

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