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Review

Therapeutic Treatments for Osteoporosis—Which Combination of Pills Is the Best among the Bad?

by
Christian Horst Tonk
1,
Sarah Hani Shoushrah
1,
Patrick Babczyk
1,
Basma El Khaldi-Hansen
1,
Margit Schulze
1,
Monika Herten
2,*,† and
Edda Tobiasch
1,†
1
Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Str. 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany
2
Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Co-last Authors.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(3), 1393; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031393
Submission received: 31 December 2021 / Revised: 19 January 2022 / Accepted: 24 January 2022 / Published: 26 January 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Osteoporosis)
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Abstract

Osteoporosis is a chronical, systemic skeletal disorder characterized by an increase in bone resorption, which leads to reduced bone density. The reduction in bone mineral density and therefore low bone mass results in an increased risk of fractures. Osteoporosis is caused by an imbalance in the normally strictly regulated bone homeostasis. This imbalance is caused by overactive bone-resorbing osteoclasts, while bone-synthesizing osteoblasts do not compensate for this. In this review, the mechanism is presented, underlined by in vitro and animal models to investigate this imbalance as well as the current status of clinical trials. Furthermore, new therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis are presented, such as anabolic treatments and catabolic treatments and treatments using biomaterials and biomolecules. Another focus is on new combination therapies with multiple drugs which are currently considered more beneficial for the treatment of osteoporosis than monotherapies. Taken together, this review starts with an overview and ends with the newest approaches for osteoporosis therapies and a future perspective not presented so far.
Keywords: osteoporosis; osteoblast; osteoclast; treatment; anabolic; catabolic; combination of treatments; bone remodeling; bone mineral density; biomaterial osteoporosis; osteoblast; osteoclast; treatment; anabolic; catabolic; combination of treatments; bone remodeling; bone mineral density; biomaterial

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MDPI and ACS Style

Tonk, C.H.; Shoushrah, S.H.; Babczyk, P.; El Khaldi-Hansen, B.; Schulze, M.; Herten, M.; Tobiasch, E. Therapeutic Treatments for Osteoporosis—Which Combination of Pills Is the Best among the Bad? Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 1393. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031393

AMA Style

Tonk CH, Shoushrah SH, Babczyk P, El Khaldi-Hansen B, Schulze M, Herten M, Tobiasch E. Therapeutic Treatments for Osteoporosis—Which Combination of Pills Is the Best among the Bad? International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(3):1393. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031393

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tonk, Christian Horst, Sarah Hani Shoushrah, Patrick Babczyk, Basma El Khaldi-Hansen, Margit Schulze, Monika Herten, and Edda Tobiasch. 2022. "Therapeutic Treatments for Osteoporosis—Which Combination of Pills Is the Best among the Bad?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3: 1393. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031393

APA Style

Tonk, C. H., Shoushrah, S. H., Babczyk, P., El Khaldi-Hansen, B., Schulze, M., Herten, M., & Tobiasch, E. (2022). Therapeutic Treatments for Osteoporosis—Which Combination of Pills Is the Best among the Bad? International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(3), 1393. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031393

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