Anti-Inflammatory Effect of an O-2-Substituted (1-3)-β-D-Glucan Produced by Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 in a Caco-2 PMA-THP-1 Co-Culture Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Effects of (1-3)-β-D-Glucans on Caco-2 Cells Viability
2.2. Effects of (1-3)-β-D-Glucans on the Viability of PMA-THP-1 Cells
2.3. Establishment of a Co-Culture Model with Caco-2 and PMA-THP-1 Cells under LPS Stimulation
2.4. Immunomodulation of O-2-Substituted (1-3)-β-D-Glucan Produced by P. parvulus 2.6 on Cytokine Production in the Co-Cultured Model of Gut Mucosa
2.5. Effect of O-2-Substituted (1-3)-β-D-Glucan Produced by P. parvulus 2.6 on Gene Expression Profiles
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cell Cultures
4.2. EPS P and EPS L Production and Purification
4.3. Cytotoxic Assay with XTT
4.4. Co-Cultured In Vitro Gut Model of Caco-2 and PMA-THP-1
4.5. Determination of Cytokine Levels
4.6. Total RNA Extraction and Analysis
4.7. Synthesis of cDNA from Total RNA Preparations
4.8. Analysis of Gene Expression by Quantitative PCR
4.9. Statistical Analyses
- Treatment vs. untreated control to assess the possible effects of the EPS and laminarin in a basal state vs. untreated control. Significant values were represented as p*.
- Treatment vs. inflammation control: to assess possible inflammation-modulating effects of EPSs and laminarin vs. inflammatory state (LPS treatment). Significant values were represented as p✽.
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Notararigo, S.; Varela, E.; Otal, A.; Antolín, M.; Guarner, F.; López, P. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of an O-2-Substituted (1-3)-β-D-Glucan Produced by Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 in a Caco-2 PMA-THP-1 Co-Culture Model. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 1527. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031527
Notararigo S, Varela E, Otal A, Antolín M, Guarner F, López P. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of an O-2-Substituted (1-3)-β-D-Glucan Produced by Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 in a Caco-2 PMA-THP-1 Co-Culture Model. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(3):1527. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031527
Chicago/Turabian StyleNotararigo, Sara, Encarnación Varela, Anna Otal, María Antolín, Francisco Guarner, and Paloma López. 2022. "Anti-Inflammatory Effect of an O-2-Substituted (1-3)-β-D-Glucan Produced by Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 in a Caco-2 PMA-THP-1 Co-Culture Model" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 3: 1527. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031527