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Review

Clinical Application Perspectives of Lung Cancers 3D Tumor Microenvironment Models for In Vitro Cultures

Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology Department, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(4), 2261; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23042261
Submission received: 31 December 2021 / Revised: 1 February 2022 / Accepted: 16 February 2022 / Published: 18 February 2022

Abstract

Despite the enormous progress and development of modern therapies, lung cancer remains one of the most common causes of death among men and women. The key element in the development of new anti-cancer drugs is proper planning of the preclinical research phase. The most adequate basic research exemplary for cancer study are 3D tumor microenvironment in vitro models, which allow us to avoid the use of animal models and ensure replicable culture condition. However, the question tormenting the scientist is how to choose the best tool for tumor microenvironment research, especially for extremely heterogenous lung cancer cases. In the presented review we are focused to explain the key factors of lung cancer biology, its microenvironment, and clinical gaps related to different therapies. The review summarized the most important strategies for in vitro culture models mimicking the tumor–tumor microenvironmental interaction, as well as all advantages and disadvantages were depicted. This knowledge could facilitate the right decision to designate proper pre-clinical in vitro study, based on available analytical tools and technical capabilities, to obtain more reliable and personalized results for faster introduction them into the future clinical trials.
Keywords: lung cancer; tumor microenvironment; organoids; spheroid; tumor-on-chip lung cancer; tumor microenvironment; organoids; spheroid; tumor-on-chip

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wieleba, I.; Wojas-Krawczyk, K.; Krawczyk, P.; Milanowski, J. Clinical Application Perspectives of Lung Cancers 3D Tumor Microenvironment Models for In Vitro Cultures. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 2261. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23042261

AMA Style

Wieleba I, Wojas-Krawczyk K, Krawczyk P, Milanowski J. Clinical Application Perspectives of Lung Cancers 3D Tumor Microenvironment Models for In Vitro Cultures. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(4):2261. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23042261

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wieleba, Irena, Kamila Wojas-Krawczyk, Paweł Krawczyk, and Janusz Milanowski. 2022. "Clinical Application Perspectives of Lung Cancers 3D Tumor Microenvironment Models for In Vitro Cultures" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 4: 2261. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23042261

APA Style

Wieleba, I., Wojas-Krawczyk, K., Krawczyk, P., & Milanowski, J. (2022). Clinical Application Perspectives of Lung Cancers 3D Tumor Microenvironment Models for In Vitro Cultures. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(4), 2261. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23042261

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