Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Downregulate Calcium Pyrophosphate Crystal Formation in Human Articular Chondrocytes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. HDACis Downregulated ANKH and ENPP1 Expressions and Upregulated TNAP Expression
2.2. HDACis Significantly Downregulated ENPP1 and Upregulated TNAP Activities in HC-a Cells
2.3. HDACis Downregulated Extracellular Pyrophosphate Levels and Prevented CPP Crystal Formation
2.4. HDACis Increased the Acetylation of Histones H3 and H4
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Reagents
4.2. Cell Culture
4.3. Real-Time Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)
4.4. Western Blot Analysis
4.5. ENPP1 and TNAP Colorimetric Activity Assays
4.6. Extracellular Pyrophosphate (ePPi) Assay
4.7. CPP Crystal Staining Assay
4.8. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chang, C.-C.; Lee, K.-L.; Chan, T.-S.; Chung, C.-C.; Liang, Y.-C. Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Downregulate Calcium Pyrophosphate Crystal Formation in Human Articular Chondrocytes. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 2604. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23052604
Chang C-C, Lee K-L, Chan T-S, Chung C-C, Liang Y-C. Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Downregulate Calcium Pyrophosphate Crystal Formation in Human Articular Chondrocytes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(5):2604. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23052604
Chicago/Turabian StyleChang, Chi-Ching, Kun-Lin Lee, Tze-Sian Chan, Chia-Chen Chung, and Yu-Chih Liang. 2022. "Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Downregulate Calcium Pyrophosphate Crystal Formation in Human Articular Chondrocytes" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 5: 2604. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23052604