Human C1q Regulates Influenza A Virus Infection and Inflammatory Response via Its Globular Domain
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Immobilised Human C1q and Its Recombinant Globular Head Modules Bind Influenza A Virus Subtypes
2.2. Human C1q Modulates IAV Replication in A549 Lung Epithelial Cells
2.3. Human C1q Modulates IAV Entry in A549 Lung Epithelial Cells by Inhibiting IAV-Cell Interaction
2.4. IAV Infection Induced NF–κB Activation Is Modulated by Human C1q
2.5. Modulation of Immune Responses by C1q on A549 Cells Infected with IAV Subtypes
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Purification of Human C1q
4.2. Production of Recombinant Globular Heads of Human C1q
4.3. Preparation of Viral Stocks and Titration
4.4. Direct Binding ELISA
4.5. Far-Western Blotting
4.6. Infection Assay and qRT-PCR Analysis
4.7. NF-κB Activation Assay
4.8. Production of Pseudo-Typed Lentiviral Particles
4.9. Entry Inhibition Assay
4.10. Cell Binding Assay
4.11. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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A | C1q | ghA | ghB | ghC | ||||
2 h | 6 h | 2 h | 6 h | 2 h | 6 h | 2 h | 6 h | |
TNF-α | − | ↑ (0.15 log10) | ↑ (2.4 log10) | ↑ (0.63 log10) | ↑ (3.20 log10) | ↑ (0.27 log10) | ↑ (2.82 log10) | ↑ (0.03 log10) |
NFkB | − | ↑ (0.09 log10) | ↑ (0.018 log10) | ↑ (0.14 log10) | ↑ (0.33 log10) | ↑ (0.15 log10) | ↑ (0.47 log10) | ↑ (0.04 log10) |
IFN-α | − | ↓ (−0.52 log10) | − | ↑ (0.06 log10) | ↓ (0.45 log10) | ↓ (0.10 log10) | ↓ (−0.25 log10) | ↓ (−0.55 log10) |
IL-6 | − | ↓ (−0.29 log10) | − | ↑ (0.50 log10) | ↑ (1.98 log10) | ↑ (0.18 log10) | ↑ (1.84 log10) | ↓ (−0.05 log10) |
IL-12 | − | ↑ (0.51 log10) | ↓ (−0.93 log10) | ↑ (1.17 log10) | ↓ (−0.14 log10) | ↑ (0.34 log10) | ↑ (0.19 log10) | ↑ (0.23 log10) |
RANTES | − | ↓ (−0.018 log10) | ↓ (−0.39 log10) | ↑ (0.17 log10) | ↓ (−0.40 log10) | ↑ (0.23 log10) | ↑ (0.04 log10) | ↓ (−0.52 log10) |
B | C1q | ghA | ghB | ghC | ||||
2 h | 6 h | 2 h | 6 h | 2 h | 6 h | 2 h | 6 h | |
TNF-α | ↓ (−0.32 log10) | ↑ (0.37 log10) | ↓ (−0.29 log10) | ↑ (0.04 log10) | ↑ (0.31 log10) | ↓ (−0.25 log10) | ↓ (−0.11 log10) | ↑ (0.39 log10) |
NF-κB | ↓ (−0.15 log10) | ↓ (−0.20 log10) | ↑ (0.77 log10) | ↓ (−0.42 log10) | ↑ (0.60 log10) | ↓ (−0.21 log10) | ↑ (0.65 log10) | ↓ (−0.04 log10) |
IFN-α | ↓ (−2.12 log10) | ↓ (−0.07 log10) | ↓ (−0.96 log10) | ↓ (−1.88 log10) | ↓ (−2.15 log10) | ↓ (−0.23 log10) | ↓ (−0.51 log10) | ↓ (−1.75 log10) |
IL-6 | ↑ (0.06 log10) | ↓ (−0.32 log10) | ↑ (0.30 log10) | ↓ (−0.83 log10) | ↑ (0.29 log10) | ↓ (−0.69 log10) | ↓ (−0.08 log10) | ↑ (0.25 log10) |
IL-12 | − | ↑ (1.5 log10) | − | ↓ (−0.39 log10) | − | ↑ (0.71 log10) | − | ↓ (−0.24 log10) |
RANTES | ↓ (−3.20 log10) | ↓ (−0.01 log10) | ↑ (−1.4 log10) | ↓ (−0.74 log10) | ↓ (−0.89 log10) | ↓ (−0.29 log10) | ↑ (0.35 log10) | ↓ (−1.36 log10) |
Target | Forward Primer | Reverse Primer |
---|---|---|
18S | 5′-ATGGCCGTTC TTAGTTGGTG-3′ | 5′-CGCTGAGCCA GTCAGTGTAG-3′ |
IL-6 | 5′-GAAAGCAGCA AAGAGGCACT-3′ | 5′-TTTCACCAGG CAAGTCTCCT-3′ |
IL-12 | 5′-AACTTGCAGC TGAAGCCATT-3′ | 5′-GACCTGAACG CAGAATGTCA-3′ |
TNF-α | 5′-AGCCCATGTT GTAGCAAACC-3′ | 5′-TGAGGTACAG GCCCTCTGAT-3′ |
M1 | 5′AAACATATGTCTGATAAC GAAGGAGAACAGTTCTT-3′ | 5′GCTGAATTCTACCT CATGGTCTTCTTGA-3′ |
RANTES | 5′-GCGGGTACCAT GAAGATCTCTG-3′ | 5′-GGGTCAGAATC AAGAAACCCTC-3′ |
IFN-α | 5′-TTT CTC CTG CC T GAA GGA CAG-3′ | 5′-GCT CAT GAT TTC TGC TCT GAC A-3′ |
H1N1 | H3N2 | VSV-G | |
---|---|---|---|
Envelope Protein-Coding Plasmid | pcDNA3.1-swineH1-flag (H1 from swine H1N1 A/California/04/09) (Codon optimized H1 (Genecust)) | pcDNA-H3 (H3 from A/Denmark/70/03/(H3N2)) (Codon optimized H3 (Geneart)) | pCMV-VSV-G (Addgene plasmid # 8454) |
pcDNA3.1-swine N1-flag (N1 from swine H1N1 A/California/04/09) (Codon optimised N1 (Genecust)) | pI.18-N2 (N2 from human H3N2 A/Texas/50/2012) | ||
Backbone Plasmid | pHIV–Luciferase (Addgene plasmid # 21375) | ||
Packaging Plasmid | psPAX2 (Addgene plasmid # 12260) |
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Varghese, P.M.; Kishore, U.; Rajkumari, R. Human C1q Regulates Influenza A Virus Infection and Inflammatory Response via Its Globular Domain. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 3045. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23063045
Varghese PM, Kishore U, Rajkumari R. Human C1q Regulates Influenza A Virus Infection and Inflammatory Response via Its Globular Domain. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(6):3045. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23063045
Chicago/Turabian StyleVarghese, Praveen M., Uday Kishore, and Reena Rajkumari. 2022. "Human C1q Regulates Influenza A Virus Infection and Inflammatory Response via Its Globular Domain" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 6: 3045. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23063045