The Result of Vitamin C Treatment of Patients with Cancer: Conditions Influencing the Effectiveness
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Vitamin C Treatment’s Theoretical Framework
The Biochemical Motor for Energy Transformation
3. The Dual Energetics of Eucaryotic Cells
Symbiosis of One Ancient Cell with a New Cell Resulted in Eukaryote
4. Development of Cancer
4.1. Protective Options against Malignant Tumors
4.2. The Chain Reaction of Cancer-Development
5. HIF-1α the Conductor of the Extended Malignancy
A System for Monitoring Oxygenation
6. Treatment of Tumors by Influencing Glucose Metabolism
6.1. Short-Term Fasting
6.2. Ketogenic Diet
6.3. Clinical Trials of Fasting
6.4. Glucose Transporters
7. In Vitro and Animal Studies of Pharmacologic Ascorbic Acid
7.1. Sodium-Dependent Vitamin C Transporter-2 Sensitizes Cancer Cells to Damage by Increasing Intracellular L-Ascorbate Concentration
7.2. The Proposed Way of Action by Parenteral AA on Sensitive Cancer Cells
Pharmacologic AA and HIF1α
7.3. Glutathione and Catalase Result Resistance of Cancer Cells against AA Mediated Cytotoxicity
7.4. Ascorbate Sensitivity of Different Cells Is Diverse
7.5. Synergistic Interactions of Pharmacologic AA, Cytostatic Drugs, Radio, and Photodynamic Therapy
7.6. Presumed Causes of Differences between In Vitro and Murine Experimental Results Compared to Human Findings
8. Clinical Results Regarding Cancer’s Vitamin C Treatment
- Effectiveness of HAAT compared to placebo or no treatment in susceptible populations,
- toxicity and side effects of vitamin C,
- Examination of factors suspected of influencing HAAT efficacy such as
- ○
- hormone dependency of the tumor,
- ○
- the liquid’s composition (physiological NaCl, 5% dextrose, or Ringer’s solution) used in the infusion preparation,
- duration of treatment.
9. Supposed Factors Influencing the Haat’s Efficacy
9.1. Glucose Dependency
9.2. Hormone Dependency
9.3. Duration of Treatment
10. Conclusions
10.1. The Glucose Deprivation and Vitamin C Therapy’s Way of Action
10.2. Suggestion of Well Designed, Controlled Studies of HAAT
- (a)
- Conduct AA trials on persons with hormone-independent cancers or stratify randomization on hormone dependence so that effects can be analyzed separately.
- (b)
- Use Ringer’s solution or physiologic NaCl to prepare the infusion, not dextrose.
- (c)
- Record sugar consumption and other dietary factors.
- (d)
- Record the serum glucose level of the patient immediately after finishing the infusion and again at 4 h after finishing the infusion.
- (e)
- Report all these factors and frequency and total duration of treatment in all reports.
Supplementary Materials
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Study | Participants | Result |
---|---|---|
Cameron, 1974 [1] | Advanced-stage cancer patients | ++ |
Cameron, 1976 [2] | Incurable cancer patients | ++ |
Cameron, 1991 [69] | Terminal cancer patients | ++ |
Murata, 1982 [70] | Terminal cancer patients | ++ |
Ma, 2014 [71] | Newly diagnosed stage III ovarian cancer after debulking | ++ |
Hoffer, 2015 [72] | Advanced-stage cancer patients | ++ |
Gunes-Bayir, 2015 [73] | Bone metastases from various types of cancer | ++ |
Zhao, 2018 [74] | Newly diagnosed elderly with acute myeloid leukemia | ++ |
Wang, 2019 [75] | Metastatic colorectal cancer or gastric cancer | ++ |
Monti, 2012 [76] | Metastatic stage IV pancreatic cancer | ++ |
Polireddy, 2017 [77] | Locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer | ++ |
Raymond, 2016 [78] | Wide variation in the severity and type of cancer | + |
Schoenfeld, 2017 [79] | Glioblastoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma | + |
Welsh, 2013 [66] | Stage IV pancreatic adenocarcinoma. | 0 |
Bazzan, 2018 [67] | All types of cancer in different settings | 0 |
Mikirova, 2012 [52] | Various types of cancer, primarily metastatic prostate | 0 |
Nielsen, 2017 [80] | Chemotherapy-naive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer | 0 |
Hoffer, 2008 [81] | Advanced cancer or hematologic malignancy | 0 |
Riordan, 2005 [82] | Late-stage terminal cancer, mostly colorectal | 0 |
Stephenson, 2013 [83] | Advanced solid tumors | 0 |
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Hunyady, J. The Result of Vitamin C Treatment of Patients with Cancer: Conditions Influencing the Effectiveness. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 4380. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084380
Hunyady J. The Result of Vitamin C Treatment of Patients with Cancer: Conditions Influencing the Effectiveness. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(8):4380. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084380
Chicago/Turabian StyleHunyady, János. 2022. "The Result of Vitamin C Treatment of Patients with Cancer: Conditions Influencing the Effectiveness" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 8: 4380. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084380