Role of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 in Interferon-γ-Mediated Immune Hepatitis
Abstract
:1. Multiple Roles of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3) in Human Diseases
2. Regulation of GSK-3 in Facilitating Proapoptosis and Proinflammation
3. Targeting GSK-3 as a Protective Strategy against Hepatic Injury
4. Generation of IFN-γ and Its Multiple Proinflammatory Roles
5. IFN-γ Signaling and Its Regulation
6. GSK-3 Is Involved in IFN-γ Signaling Pathways
7. Immune Hepatitis
8. GSK-3 in IFN-γ-Mediated Hepatic Immune Hepatitis and Its Therapeutic Efficacy
9. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ConA | concanavalin A |
CREB | cAMP-response element-binding protein |
D-GalN | D-galactosamine |
ER | endoplasmic reticulum |
ERK | extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
GSK | glycogen synthase kinase |
IFN | interferon |
IFNGR | IFN-γ receptor |
IL | interleukin |
iNOS | inducible NO synthase |
IRF | interferon regulatory factor |
IRI | ischemia/reperfusion injury |
LiCl | lithium chloride |
LPS | lipopolysaccharide |
MAPK | mitogen-activated protein kinase |
NF-κB | nuclear factor κB |
NK | natural killer |
NO | nitric oxide |
PI3K | phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase |
PK | protein kinase |
PMNs | polymorphonuclear granulocytes |
PP | protein phosphatase |
Pyk | proline-rich tyrosine kinase |
RANTES | regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted |
SHP | SH2-containing phosphatase |
SOCS | suppressor of cytokine signaling |
STAT | signal transducer and activator of transcription |
T-bet | T-box transcription factor Tbx21 |
TDZD-8 | 4-Benzyl-2-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione |
TLR | Toll-like receptor |
TNF | tumor necrosis factor |
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Hepatic Injury Model | The Blockade of GSK-3 | References |
---|---|---|
Zymosan | 4-Benzyl-2-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione (TDZD-8) | [35] |
IRI | SB216763/TDZD-8/Carbon monoxide | [36,37,48] |
Carbon tetrachloride | Methane | [39] |
LPS/D-GalN | 4-Phenylbutyric acid/SB216763 | [43,44,49,50] |
LPS | Lithium chloride (LiCl) | [45] |
CLP | SB216763 | [46] |
Hemorrhagic shock | TDZD-8 | [47] |
Transplantation | Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid | [51] |
Lead | Curcumin/l-carnitine | [52,53] |
HCV | LiCl | [54] |
Palmitate | GSK-3 inhibitor IX/Enzastaurin | [56] |
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Chen, C.-L.; Tseng, P.-C.; Satria, R.D.; Nguyen, T.T.; Tsai, C.-C.; Lin, C.-F. Role of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 in Interferon-γ-Mediated Immune Hepatitis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 4669. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094669
Chen C-L, Tseng P-C, Satria RD, Nguyen TT, Tsai C-C, Lin C-F. Role of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 in Interferon-γ-Mediated Immune Hepatitis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(9):4669. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094669
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Chia-Ling, Po-Chun Tseng, Rahmat Dani Satria, Thi Thuy Nguyen, Cheng-Chieh Tsai, and Chiou-Feng Lin. 2022. "Role of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 in Interferon-γ-Mediated Immune Hepatitis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 9: 4669. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094669