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Review

The Origin of Translation: Bridging the Nucleotides and Peptides

by
Xuyuan Guo
1 and
Meng Su
2,*
1
School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
2
MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(1), 197; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010197
Submission received: 31 October 2022 / Revised: 9 December 2022 / Accepted: 15 December 2022 / Published: 22 December 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Biology of RNA: Recent Progress)
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Abstract

Extant biology uses RNA to record genetic information and proteins to execute biochemical functions. Nucleotides are translated into amino acids via transfer RNA in the central dogma. tRNA is essential in translation as it connects the codon and the cognate amino acid. To reveal how the translation emerged in the prebiotic context, we start with the structure and dissection of tRNA, followed by the theory and hypothesis of tRNA and amino acid recognition. Last, we review how amino acids assemble on the tRNA and further form peptides. Understanding the origin of life will also promote our knowledge of artificial living systems.
Keywords: RNA world; transfer RNA; ribosome; peptidyl transfer; origin of life RNA world; transfer RNA; ribosome; peptidyl transfer; origin of life

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MDPI and ACS Style

Guo, X.; Su, M. The Origin of Translation: Bridging the Nucleotides and Peptides. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 197. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010197

AMA Style

Guo X, Su M. The Origin of Translation: Bridging the Nucleotides and Peptides. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(1):197. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010197

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guo, Xuyuan, and Meng Su. 2023. "The Origin of Translation: Bridging the Nucleotides and Peptides" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 1: 197. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010197

APA Style

Guo, X., & Su, M. (2023). The Origin of Translation: Bridging the Nucleotides and Peptides. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(1), 197. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010197

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