Macrophages Release Extracellular Vesicles of Different Properties and Composition Following Exposure to Nanoparticles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Optimization of In Vitro Nanoparticle Exposure Conditions
2.2. Extracellular Vesicle Separation and Characterization
2.3. Protein Composition of EVs
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Cell Culture
3.2. Nanoparticle Characterization and Exposure to Cells
3.3. Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy
3.4. Annexin V–Cell Permeability Assay and Phenotyping of MPI Cells
3.5. Extracellular Vesicle Separation
3.6. Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
3.7. Transmission Electron Microscopy
3.8. Western Blotting
3.9. Flow Cytometry of EVs
3.10. Mass Spectrometry
3.11. Statistical Analyses
3.12. EV-TRACK
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Condition | Diameter (nm) | Concentration (EVs/mL) | Protein Concentration (µg/mL) | Ratio (EVs/µg Protein) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Untreated | 116 ± 3 | (103 ± 5) × 107 | 4.9 ± 0.5 | ~21.0 × 107 |
LPS | 114 ± 2 | (157 ± 8) × 107 *** | 7.4 ± 1.1 ** | ~21.2 × 107 |
NH2-PS nanoparticles | 139 ± 9 ** | (122 ± 2) × 107 | 5.6 ± 1.0 | ~21.8 × 107 |
COOH-PS nanoparticles | 112 ± 1 | (129 ± 2) × 107 * | 5.6 ± 0.4 | ~23.3 × 107 |
SiO2 nanoparticles | 102 ± 6 | (87 ± 3) × 107 | 5.7 ± 2 | ~15.3 × 107 |
Medium | 98 ± 6 | (5 ± 1) × 107 *** | 1.1 ± 0.2 *** | ~4.5 × 107 |
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Deville, S.; Garcia Romeu, H.; Oeyen, E.; Mertens, I.; Nelissen, I.; Salvati, A. Macrophages Release Extracellular Vesicles of Different Properties and Composition Following Exposure to Nanoparticles. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 260. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010260
Deville S, Garcia Romeu H, Oeyen E, Mertens I, Nelissen I, Salvati A. Macrophages Release Extracellular Vesicles of Different Properties and Composition Following Exposure to Nanoparticles. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(1):260. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010260
Chicago/Turabian StyleDeville, Sarah, Hector Garcia Romeu, Eline Oeyen, Inge Mertens, Inge Nelissen, and Anna Salvati. 2023. "Macrophages Release Extracellular Vesicles of Different Properties and Composition Following Exposure to Nanoparticles" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 1: 260. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010260