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Review

Genomics and Epigenomics in the Molecular Biology of Melanoma—A Prerequisite for Biomarkers Studies

by
Daniela Luminita Zob
1,
Iolanda Augustin
1,*,
Lavinia Caba
2,*,
Monica-Cristina Panzaru
2,
Setalia Popa
2,
Alina Delia Popa
3,
Laura Florea
4 and
Eusebiu Vlad Gorduza
2
1
Department of Medical Oncology, AI. Trestioreanu Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
2
Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
3
Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
4
Department of Nephrology-Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(1), 716; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010716
Submission received: 7 November 2022 / Revised: 24 December 2022 / Accepted: 28 December 2022 / Published: 31 December 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Advances in Cancer Genetics 2.0)
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Abstract

Melanoma is a common and aggressive tumor originating from melanocytes. The increasing incidence of cutaneous melanoma in recent last decades highlights the need for predictive biomarkers studies. Melanoma development is a complex process, involving the interplay of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Genetic aberrations include BRAF, NRAS, NF1, MAP2K1/MAP2K2, KIT, GNAQ, GNA11, CDKN2A, TERT mutations, and translocations of kinases. Epigenetic alterations involve microRNAs, non-coding RNAs, histones modifications, and abnormal DNA methylations. Genetic aberrations and epigenetic marks are important as biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of disease recurrence, and for therapeutic targets. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the genomic and epigenetic changes in melanoma and discusses the latest scientific information.
Keywords: cutaneous melanoma; genomics; epigenomics; biomarkers cutaneous melanoma; genomics; epigenomics; biomarkers

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Zob, D.L.; Augustin, I.; Caba, L.; Panzaru, M.-C.; Popa, S.; Popa, A.D.; Florea, L.; Gorduza, E.V. Genomics and Epigenomics in the Molecular Biology of Melanoma—A Prerequisite for Biomarkers Studies. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 716. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010716

AMA Style

Zob DL, Augustin I, Caba L, Panzaru M-C, Popa S, Popa AD, Florea L, Gorduza EV. Genomics and Epigenomics in the Molecular Biology of Melanoma—A Prerequisite for Biomarkers Studies. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(1):716. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010716

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zob, Daniela Luminita, Iolanda Augustin, Lavinia Caba, Monica-Cristina Panzaru, Setalia Popa, Alina Delia Popa, Laura Florea, and Eusebiu Vlad Gorduza. 2023. "Genomics and Epigenomics in the Molecular Biology of Melanoma—A Prerequisite for Biomarkers Studies" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 1: 716. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010716

APA Style

Zob, D. L., Augustin, I., Caba, L., Panzaru, M.-C., Popa, S., Popa, A. D., Florea, L., & Gorduza, E. V. (2023). Genomics and Epigenomics in the Molecular Biology of Melanoma—A Prerequisite for Biomarkers Studies. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(1), 716. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010716

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