Ethyl Gallate Inhibits Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus by Promoting IFITM3 Expression, Lysosomal Acidification and Protease Activity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. EG Inhibits BVDV Infection in MDBK Cells
2.2. EG Inhibits BVDV Entry and Replication of Viral Life Cycle
2.3. EG Promotes the Production of IFITM3 in MDBK Cells Infected with BVDV
2.4. EG Promotes Lysosomal Acidification and Protease Activity to Prevent BVDV Infection
2.5. EG Limited Replication of BVDV by Interfering with Autophagy In Vitro
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Reagent and Antibodies
4.2. Cell Culture and Viruses
4.3. The Effect of EG Treatment at Different Times
4.4. Virus Replication Cycle Assay
4.5. Cytotoxicity Assay
4.6. Quantitative Reverse Transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR)
4.7. Western Blotting
4.8. Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA)
4.9. Acridine Orange Staining
4.10. Statistical Analyses
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Zhang, L.; Yang, G.; Wang, J.; Zhang, J.; Chen, K.; Xiong, X.; Zhu, Y.; Xu, C.; Wang, J. Ethyl Gallate Inhibits Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus by Promoting IFITM3 Expression, Lysosomal Acidification and Protease Activity. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 8637. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108637
Zhang L, Yang G, Wang J, Zhang J, Chen K, Xiong X, Zhu Y, Xu C, Wang J. Ethyl Gallate Inhibits Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus by Promoting IFITM3 Expression, Lysosomal Acidification and Protease Activity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(10):8637. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108637
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Linlin, Guanghui Yang, Jun Wang, Jialu Zhang, Keyuan Chen, Xiaoran Xiong, Yaohong Zhu, Chuang Xu, and Jiufeng Wang. 2023. "Ethyl Gallate Inhibits Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus by Promoting IFITM3 Expression, Lysosomal Acidification and Protease Activity" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 10: 8637. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108637