Serum Interleukin-36 α as a Candidate Biomarker to Distinguish Behçet’s Syndrome and Psoriatic Arthritis

Bettiol, Alessandra; Fagni, Filippo; Mattioli, Irene; Bagni, Giacomo; Vitiello, Gianfranco; Grassi, Alessia; Della Bella, Chiara; Benagiano, Marisa; Troilo, Arianna; Holownia, Katarzyna Stella; Simon, David; Argento, Flavia Rita; Sota, Jurgen; Fabiani, Claudia; Becatti, Matteo; Fiorillo, Claudia; Schett, Georg; Lopalco, Giuseppe; Cantarini, Luca; Prisco, Domenico; Silvestri, Elena; Emmi, Giacomo; D’Elios, Mario Milco

doi:10.3390/ijms24108817

Open AccessArticle

Serum Interleukin-36 α as a Candidate Biomarker to Distinguish Behçet’s Syndrome and Psoriatic Arthritis

by

Alessandra Bettiol

^1,†,

Filippo Fagni

^2,†,

Irene Mattioli

¹,

Giacomo Bagni

¹

,

Gianfranco Vitiello

¹

,

Alessia Grassi

¹,

Chiara Della Bella

¹

,

Marisa Benagiano

¹

,

Arianna Troilo

¹,

Katarzyna Stella Holownia

¹,

David Simon

²

,

Flavia Rita Argento

³

,

Jurgen Sota

⁴,

Claudia Fabiani

⁵,

Matteo Becatti

³

,

Claudia Fiorillo

³

,

Georg Schett

²,

Giuseppe Lopalco

⁶

,

Luca Cantarini

⁴

,

Domenico Prisco

¹,

Elena Silvestri

^1,‡,

Giacomo Emmi

^1,7,*,‡ and

Mario Milco D’Elios

^8,*,‡ Show full author list Hide full author list

¹

Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy

²

Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany

³

Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy

⁴

Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet’s Disease Clinic, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy

⁵

Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy

⁶

Rheumatology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organs Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy

⁷

Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia

⁸

Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work as co-first authors.

^‡

These authors contributed equally to this work as co-last authors.

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(10), 8817; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108817

Submission received: 21 April 2023 / Revised: 8 May 2023 / Accepted: 12 May 2023 / Published: 16 May 2023

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Disorders: Current Issue and Future Perspectives)

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Abstract

Behçet’s syndrome (BS) is a rare systemic vasculitis characterized by different clinical manifestations. As no specific laboratory tests exist, the diagnosis relies on clinical criteria, and the differential diagnosis with other inflammatory diseases can be challenging. Indeed, in a relatively small proportion of patients, BS symptoms include only mucocutaneous, articular, gastrointestinal, and non-typical ocular manifestations, which are frequently found also in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). We investigate the ability of serum interleukin (IL)-36α—a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in cutaneous and articular inflammatory diseases—to differentiate BS from PsA. A cross-sectional study was performed on 90 patients with BS, 80 with PsA and 80 healthy controls. Significantly lower IL-36α concentrations were found in patients with BS as compared to PsA, although in both groups IL-36α was significantly increased compared to healthy controls. An empirical cut-off of 420.6 pg/mL displayed a specificity of 0.93, with a sensitivity of 0.70 (AUC 0.82) in discriminating PsA from BS. This cut-off displayed a good diagnostic performance also in BS patients lacking highly specific BS manifestations. Our results indicate that IL-36α might be involved in the pathogenesis of both BS and PsA, and might be a candidate biomarker to support the differential diagnosis of BS.

Keywords: Behçet disease; biomarkers; cytokines; interleukin 36; vasculitis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Bettiol, A.; Fagni, F.; Mattioli, I.; Bagni, G.; Vitiello, G.; Grassi, A.; Della Bella, C.; Benagiano, M.; Troilo, A.; Holownia, K.S.; et al. Serum Interleukin-36 α as a Candidate Biomarker to Distinguish Behçet’s Syndrome and Psoriatic Arthritis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 8817. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108817

AMA Style

Bettiol A, Fagni F, Mattioli I, Bagni G, Vitiello G, Grassi A, Della Bella C, Benagiano M, Troilo A, Holownia KS, et al. Serum Interleukin-36 α as a Candidate Biomarker to Distinguish Behçet’s Syndrome and Psoriatic Arthritis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(10):8817. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108817

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bettiol, Alessandra, Filippo Fagni, Irene Mattioli, Giacomo Bagni, Gianfranco Vitiello, Alessia Grassi, Chiara Della Bella, Marisa Benagiano, Arianna Troilo, Katarzyna Stella Holownia, and et al. 2023. "Serum Interleukin-36 α as a Candidate Biomarker to Distinguish Behçet’s Syndrome and Psoriatic Arthritis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 10: 8817. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108817

APA Style

Bettiol, A., Fagni, F., Mattioli, I., Bagni, G., Vitiello, G., Grassi, A., Della Bella, C., Benagiano, M., Troilo, A., Holownia, K. S., Simon, D., Argento, F. R., Sota, J., Fabiani, C., Becatti, M., Fiorillo, C., Schett, G., Lopalco, G., Cantarini, L., ... D’Elios, M. M. (2023). Serum Interleukin-36 α as a Candidate Biomarker to Distinguish Behçet’s Syndrome and Psoriatic Arthritis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(10), 8817. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108817

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Serum Interleukin-36 α as a Candidate Biomarker to Distinguish Behçet’s Syndrome and Psoriatic Arthritis

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