Serum Interleukin-36 α as a Candidate Biomarker to Distinguish Behçet’s Syndrome and Psoriatic Arthritis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Patients Characteristics
2.2. IL-36α Levels in Patients with BS, PsA, and in HCs
2.3. Variations in IL-36α Levels among BS Patients
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Design and Population
4.2. Data and Sample Collection
4.3. IL-36α Quantification
4.4. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
ID, Sex | Age | Disease Manifestations | HLAB51 | Active Disease | Ongoing Therapy | IL-36α Levels (pg/mL) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1, M | 36 | OA, cutaneous, articular, anterior uveitis, gastrointestinal | Positive | Yes | csDMARDs | 278.3 |
2, F | 49 | OA, cutaneous, articular, anterior uveitis | Positive | No | csDMARDs | 233.2 |
3, F | 42 | OA, cutaneous, articular, gastrointestinal, positive pathergy test | Positive | No | Corticosteroids | 155.9 |
4, M | 56 | OA, cutaneous, articular, anterior uveitis | Positive | No | bDMARDs | 164.1 |
5, F | 33 | OA, cutaneous, articular, gastrointestinal, positive pathergy test | Positive | No | Corticosteroids | 360.4 |
6, M | 64 | OA, cutaneous, articular, anterior uveitis, gastrointestinal | Positive | Yes | csDMARDs | 387.5 |
7, F | 38 | OA, cutaneous, articular, positive pathergy test | Negative | Yes | csDMARDs | 186.7 |
8, F | 59 | OA, cutaneous, articular, anterior uveitis | Negative | No | Corticosteroids | 203.2 |
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BS N (% Out of 90) | PsA N (% Out of 80) | Healthy Controls N (% Out of 80) | |
---|---|---|---|
Sex—male | 51 (56.7) | 42 (52.5) | 42 (52.5) |
Age, years (median, IQR) | 45 (36–55) | 50 (38–66) | 45 (38–52) |
Disease manifestations | |||
Oral aphthosis | 84 (93.3) | 2 (2.5) | |
Genital aphthosis | 34 (37.8) | 0 (0) | |
Cutaneous | 73 (81.1) | - | |
Psoriasis | - | 72 (90.0) | |
Arthritis | 47 (52.2) | 80 (100.0%) | |
Gastrointestinal symptoms | 34 (38.2) | 9 (11.3%) | |
Uveitis | 31 (34.4) | 5 (6.3%) | |
Vascular | 17 (18.9) | 7 (8.8%) * | |
Neurological | 16 (17.8) | - | |
HLA-B51 positivity | 40 (44.4) | - | |
Active disease | 44 (48.9) | 37 (46.3) | |
BDCAF (median, IQR) | 0 (0–3) | - | |
PASI (median, IQR) | - | 1.2 (0–2.1) | |
Ongoing immunomodulating treatment | |||
No treatment/only NSAIDs | 0 | 10 (12.5) | |
Corticosteroids/colchicine | 36 (40.0) | 3 (3.8) | |
csDMARDs | 29 (32.2) | 30 (38.5) | |
Methotrexate | 0 | 28 (35.0) | |
Leflunomide | 0 | 2 (3.5) | |
Biologic (±cs) DMARDs | 25 (27.8) | 37 (46.3) | |
TNFi | 21 (23.3) | 27 (33.8) | |
IL12/23i | 0 | 3 (3.8) | |
IL1i | 4 (4.4) |
With the Considered Feature | Without the Considered Feature | p-Value # | |
---|---|---|---|
IL-36 (pg/mL) | IL-36 (pg/mL) | ||
Overall | 201.7 (112.7–320.2) | ||
Disease manifestations | |||
Genital aphthosis | 269.4 (173.2–384.5) | 176.1 (109.2–266.3) | 0.015 * |
Cutaneous | 207.2 (132.9–323.4) | 192.2 (94.9–271.2) | 0.284 |
Arthritis | 201.7 (120.2–320.2) | 194.2 (104.8–344.2) | 0.784 |
Intestinal symptoms | 212.2 (104.8–360.4) | 200.2 (118.2–316.5) | 0.950 |
Uveitis | 243.4 (192.2–345.1) | 173.2 (94.9–312.3) | 0.029 * |
Vascular | 269.4 (208.2–351.4) | 192.2 (108.1–296.2) | 0.072 |
Neurological | 228.3 (171.1–375.2) | 194.3 (108.1–318.3) | 0.240 |
HLA-B51 | 229.7 (152.0–340.8) | 193.2 (94.9–312.3) | 0.237 |
Active disease | 200.7 (106.5–379.9) | 201.7 (133.0–296.2) | 0.529 |
BDCAF | Spearman’s rho: 0.492 | <0.001 * | |
Ongoing immunomodulating treatment | |||
Corticosteroids/colchicine | 245.7 (160.5–348.3) | 0.138 | |
csDMARDs | 192.2 (120.2–252.2) | ||
Biologic (±cs) DMARDs | 176.1 (82.9–294.4) |
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Bettiol, A.; Fagni, F.; Mattioli, I.; Bagni, G.; Vitiello, G.; Grassi, A.; Della Bella, C.; Benagiano, M.; Troilo, A.; Holownia, K.S.; et al. Serum Interleukin-36 α as a Candidate Biomarker to Distinguish Behçet’s Syndrome and Psoriatic Arthritis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 8817. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108817
Bettiol A, Fagni F, Mattioli I, Bagni G, Vitiello G, Grassi A, Della Bella C, Benagiano M, Troilo A, Holownia KS, et al. Serum Interleukin-36 α as a Candidate Biomarker to Distinguish Behçet’s Syndrome and Psoriatic Arthritis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(10):8817. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108817
Chicago/Turabian StyleBettiol, Alessandra, Filippo Fagni, Irene Mattioli, Giacomo Bagni, Gianfranco Vitiello, Alessia Grassi, Chiara Della Bella, Marisa Benagiano, Arianna Troilo, Katarzyna Stella Holownia, and et al. 2023. "Serum Interleukin-36 α as a Candidate Biomarker to Distinguish Behçet’s Syndrome and Psoriatic Arthritis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 10: 8817. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108817