Heterocyclic Compounds as Synthetic Tyrosinase Inhibitors: Recent Advances

Vittorio, Serena; Dank, Christian; Ielo, Laura

doi:10.3390/ijms24109097

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Heterocyclic Compounds as Synthetic Tyrosinase Inhibitors: Recent Advances

by

Serena Vittorio

¹

,

Christian Dank

²

and

Laura Ielo

^3,*

¹

Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli, 25, 20133 Milano, Italy

²

Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria

³

Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(10), 9097; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24109097

Submission received: 24 April 2023 / Revised: 19 May 2023 / Accepted: 20 May 2023 / Published: 22 May 2023

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Tyrosinase in Human Health and Disease)

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Abstract

Tyrosinase is a copper-containing enzyme which is widely distributed in nature (e.g., bacteria, mammals, fungi) and involved in two consecutive steps of melanin biosynthesis. In humans, an excessive production of melanin can determine hyperpigmentation disorders as well as neurodegenerative processes in Parkinson’s disease. The development of molecules able to inhibit the high activity of the enzyme remain a current topic in medicinal chemistry, because the inhibitors reported so far present several side effects. Heterocycle-bearing molecules are largely diffuse in this sense. Due to their importance as biologically active compounds, we decided to report a comprehensive review of synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors possessing heterocyclic moieties reported within the last five years. For the reader’s convenience, we classified them as inhibitors of mushroom tyrosinase (Agaricus bisporus) and human tyrosinase.

Keywords: tyrosinase; heterocycles; mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors; human tyrosinase inhibitors

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MDPI and ACS Style

Vittorio, S.; Dank, C.; Ielo, L. Heterocyclic Compounds as Synthetic Tyrosinase Inhibitors: Recent Advances. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 9097. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24109097

AMA Style

Vittorio S, Dank C, Ielo L. Heterocyclic Compounds as Synthetic Tyrosinase Inhibitors: Recent Advances. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(10):9097. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24109097

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vittorio, Serena, Christian Dank, and Laura Ielo. 2023. "Heterocyclic Compounds as Synthetic Tyrosinase Inhibitors: Recent Advances" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 10: 9097. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24109097

APA Style

Vittorio, S., Dank, C., & Ielo, L. (2023). Heterocyclic Compounds as Synthetic Tyrosinase Inhibitors: Recent Advances. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(10), 9097. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24109097

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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Heterocyclic Compounds as Synthetic Tyrosinase Inhibitors: Recent Advances

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