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Volume 24
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Review

Emerging Role of GLP-1 Agonists in Obesity: A Comprehensive Review of Randomised Controlled Trials

by
Mihaela-Simona Popoviciu
1,
Lorena Păduraru
1,
Galal Yahya
2,3,
Kamel Metwally
4,5 and
Simona Cavalu
1,*
1
Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410073 Oradea, Romania
2
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Al Sharqia 44519, Egypt
3
Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich Str. 24, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
4
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
5
Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(13), 10449; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310449
Submission received: 1 May 2023 / Revised: 13 June 2023 / Accepted: 20 June 2023 / Published: 21 June 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insulin, Glucose Metabolism, and Obesity)
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Abstract

Obesity is a chronic disease with high prevalence and associated comorbidities, making it a growing global concern. These comorbidities include type 2 diabetes, hypertension, ventilatory dysfunction, arthrosis, venous and lymphatic circulation diseases, depression, and others, which have a negative impact on health and increase morbidity and mortality. GLP-1 agonists, used to treat type 2 diabetes, have been shown to be effective in promoting weight loss in preclinical and clinical studies. This review summarizes numerous studies conducted on the main drugs in the GLP-1 agonists class, outlining the maximum achievable weight loss. Our aim is to emphasize the active role and main outcomes of GLP-1 agonists in promoting weight loss, as well as in improving hyperglycemia, insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, cardio–metabolic, and renal protection. We highlight the pleiotropic effects of these medications, along with their indications, contraindications, and precautions for both diabetic and non-diabetic patients, based on long-term follow-up studies.
Keywords: obesity; GLP-1 agonists; weight loss; liraglutide; semaglutide; tirzepatide; Lixisenatide; exenatide; type 2 diabetes obesity; GLP-1 agonists; weight loss; liraglutide; semaglutide; tirzepatide; Lixisenatide; exenatide; type 2 diabetes

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MDPI and ACS Style

Popoviciu, M.-S.; Păduraru, L.; Yahya, G.; Metwally, K.; Cavalu, S. Emerging Role of GLP-1 Agonists in Obesity: A Comprehensive Review of Randomised Controlled Trials. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 10449. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310449

AMA Style

Popoviciu M-S, Păduraru L, Yahya G, Metwally K, Cavalu S. Emerging Role of GLP-1 Agonists in Obesity: A Comprehensive Review of Randomised Controlled Trials. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(13):10449. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310449

Chicago/Turabian Style

Popoviciu, Mihaela-Simona, Lorena Păduraru, Galal Yahya, Kamel Metwally, and Simona Cavalu. 2023. "Emerging Role of GLP-1 Agonists in Obesity: A Comprehensive Review of Randomised Controlled Trials" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 13: 10449. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310449

APA Style

Popoviciu, M.-S., Păduraru, L., Yahya, G., Metwally, K., & Cavalu, S. (2023). Emerging Role of GLP-1 Agonists in Obesity: A Comprehensive Review of Randomised Controlled Trials. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(13), 10449. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310449

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