Molecular Impact of Conventional and Electronic Cigarettes on Pulmonary Surfactant

Garavaglia, Maria Lisa; Bodega, Francesca; Porta, Cristina; Milzani, Aldo; Sironi, Chiara; Dalle-Donne, Isabella

doi:10.3390/ijms241411702

Open AccessReview

Molecular Impact of Conventional and Electronic Cigarettes on Pulmonary Surfactant

by

Maria Lisa Garavaglia

^1,*,†

,

Francesca Bodega

^2,†

,

Cristina Porta

²

,

Aldo Milzani

¹,

Chiara Sironi

² and

Isabella Dalle-Donne

¹

Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy

²

Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(14), 11702; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411702

Submission received: 20 June 2023 / Revised: 11 July 2023 / Accepted: 15 July 2023 / Published: 20 July 2023

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanism of Lung Injury Caused by Environmental Factors)

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Abstract

The alveolar epithelium is covered by a non-cellular layer consisting of an aqueous hypophase topped by pulmonary surfactant, a lipo-protein mixture with surface-active properties. Exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) affects lung physiology and is linked to the development of several diseases. The macroscopic effects of CS are determined by several types of cell and molecular dysfunction, which, among other consequences, lead to surfactant alterations. The purpose of this review is to summarize the published studies aimed at uncovering the effects of CS on both the lipid and protein constituents of surfactant, discussing the molecular mechanisms involved in surfactant homeostasis that are altered by CS. Although surfactant homeostasis has been the topic of several studies and some molecular pathways can be deduced from an analysis of the literature, it remains evident that many aspects of the mechanisms of action of CS on surfactant homeostasis deserve further investigation.

Keywords: conventional cigarette smoke; electronic cigarette vapor; lung; alveolar surfactant; surfactant lipids; surfactant proteins

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MDPI and ACS Style

Garavaglia, M.L.; Bodega, F.; Porta, C.; Milzani, A.; Sironi, C.; Dalle-Donne, I. Molecular Impact of Conventional and Electronic Cigarettes on Pulmonary Surfactant. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 11702. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411702

AMA Style

Garavaglia ML, Bodega F, Porta C, Milzani A, Sironi C, Dalle-Donne I. Molecular Impact of Conventional and Electronic Cigarettes on Pulmonary Surfactant. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(14):11702. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411702

Chicago/Turabian Style

Garavaglia, Maria Lisa, Francesca Bodega, Cristina Porta, Aldo Milzani, Chiara Sironi, and Isabella Dalle-Donne. 2023. "Molecular Impact of Conventional and Electronic Cigarettes on Pulmonary Surfactant" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 14: 11702. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411702

APA Style

Garavaglia, M. L., Bodega, F., Porta, C., Milzani, A., Sironi, C., & Dalle-Donne, I. (2023). Molecular Impact of Conventional and Electronic Cigarettes on Pulmonary Surfactant. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(14), 11702. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411702

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Molecular Impact of Conventional and Electronic Cigarettes on Pulmonary Surfactant

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