A Comparative Analysis on the Innate Immune Responses of Cirrhinus mrigala Challenged with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Fusarium oxysporum
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Behavior and Phenotypic Alterations
2.2. Cytokine Expression Analysis
2.3. Hematological Analysis
2.4. Biochemical Analysis
2.5. Histological Examination
2.6. Organ Index Analysis
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Experimental Fish Rearing and Maintenance
4.2. P. aeruginosa Culture Preparation
4.3. Fungal Culture Preparation
4.4. Experimental Design
4.5. Cytokine Analysis
4.6. Hematological Studies
4.7. Biochemical Analysis
4.8. Histopathological Studies
4.9. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Categories of Behavior | Pattern of Behavior | Control | P. aeruginosa | F. oxysporum |
---|---|---|---|---|
General activity |
| + | - | - |
| + | - | +- | |
| + | - | - | |
Interaction |
| + | - | - |
| + | +- | - | |
Maintenance behavior |
| + | +- | - |
Control | P. aeruginosa | F. oxysporum | |
---|---|---|---|
Gills | 0.050 ± 0.028 a | 16.65 ± 0.638 b | 17.95 ± 0.232 c |
Liver | 0.167± 0.145 b | 24.50 ± 0.248 b | 23.13 ± 0.478 c |
Kidney | 0.052 ± 0.017 a | 23.00 ± 0.714 b | 28.33 ± 0.356 c |
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Usman, Z.; Kanwal, Z.; Tayyeb, A.; Noshair, I.; Haider, I.; Ahmad, N.; Alomar, S.Y. A Comparative Analysis on the Innate Immune Responses of Cirrhinus mrigala Challenged with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Fusarium oxysporum. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 12392. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512392
Usman Z, Kanwal Z, Tayyeb A, Noshair I, Haider I, Ahmad N, Alomar SY. A Comparative Analysis on the Innate Immune Responses of Cirrhinus mrigala Challenged with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Fusarium oxysporum. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(15):12392. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512392
Chicago/Turabian StyleUsman, Zaeema, Zakia Kanwal, Asima Tayyeb, Iqra Noshair, Imran Haider, Naushad Ahmad, and Suliman Yousef Alomar. 2023. "A Comparative Analysis on the Innate Immune Responses of Cirrhinus mrigala Challenged with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Fusarium oxysporum" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 15: 12392. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512392