Synthesis and Antimicrobial Analysis of High Surface Area Strontium-Substituted Calcium Phosphate Nanostructures for Bone Regeneration
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Synthesis of Strontium-Substituted Calcium Phosphates
3.2. Characterization Techniques
3.2.1. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
3.2.2. Chemical Analysis
3.2.3. Powder X-Ray Difraction
3.2.4. Zeta Potential Measurement
3.2.5. BET Surface Area Analysis
3.3. Antibacterial Activity
3.4. Antifungal Bioassays
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Identity | XRD Crystallite Morphology | TEM Particle Size | XPS Ca+Sr/P | |
---|---|---|---|---|
a (Å) | c (Å) | nm | ||
Pure CaP(HA) | 9.41 ± 0.002 | 6.81 ± 0.012 | 75 | 1.67 |
5Sr-CaP | 9.42 ± 0.003 | 6.89 ± 0.012 | 80 | 1.65 |
10Sr-CaP | 9.43 ± 0.004 | 6.92 ± 0.012 | 85 | 1.63 |
15Sr-CaP | 9.45 ± 0.004 | 6.95 ± 0.012 | 95 | 1.61 |
Sample ID | Sr Added (wt%) | Sr Measured (wt%) | Zeta Potential (mV) | BET Surface Area (m2 g−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pure CaP(HA) | 0 | 0 | −29.2 ± 0.2 | 198 ± 2.30 |
5Sr-CaP | 5 | 3.4 ± 0.11 | -33.5 ± 0.3 | 165 ± 1.92 |
10Sr-CaP | 10 | 7.5 ± 0.17 | -33.7 ± 0.1 | 157 ± 1.63 |
15Sr-CaP | 15 | 11.7 ±0.09 | -35.8 ± 0.2 | 136 ± 1.03 |
Binding Energy (eV) | ||||||
O 1s | Sr 3d3/2 | Ca 2s | P 2p3/2 | P 2s | P 2p | |
Pure CaP(HA) | 532 | - | 440 | 347 | 191 | 134 |
Sr-CaP | 530 | 134 | 439 | 345 | 189 | 134 |
Bactria | Zone of Inhibition (mm) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vancomycin | Penicillin G | Pure CaP(HA) | 5Sr-CaP | 10Sr-CaP | 15Sr-CaP | |
E. coli | 18.09 ± 0.04 | 23.67 ± 0.03 | 3.34 ± 0.06 | 5.89 ± 0.11 | 6.23 ± 0.04 | 7.42 ± 0.23 |
S. aureus | 16.52 ± 0.03 | 21.03 ± 0.11 | 5.99 ± 0.04 | 12.65 ± 0.07 | 12.74 ± 0.04 | 13.98 ± 0.21 |
B. spizizenii | 15.27 ± 0.08 | 19.99 ± 0.06 | 5.89 ± 0.08 | 8.24 ± 0.09 | 8.63 ± 0.04 | 11.94 ± 0.12 |
M. luteus | 19.54 ± 0.06 | 22.91 ± 0.14 | 6.67 ± 0.02 | 13.96 ± 0.03 | 18.33 ± 0.04 | 21.71 ± 0.09 |
NPs | Time | Minimum Inhibitory Concentration MIC (mg/mL) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(h) | 2 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 0.125 | 0.0625 | 0.0312 | 0.0156 | |
Control | 24 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
48 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |
72 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |
96 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |
Mancozeb | 24 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − |
48 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | |
72 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | |
96 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | |
Pure CaP(HA) | 24 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − |
48 | − | − | − | + | + | + | + | + | |
72 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |
96 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |
5Sr-CaP | 24 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − |
48 | − | − | − | − | + | + | + | + | |
72 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |
96 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | |
15Sr-CaP | 24 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − |
48 | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | − | |
72 | − | − | − | + | + | + | + | + | |
96 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
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Anwar, A.; Kanwal, Q.; Sadiqa, A.; Razaq, T.; Khan, I.H.; Javaid, A.; Khan, S.; Tag-Eldin, E.; Ouladsmane, M. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Analysis of High Surface Area Strontium-Substituted Calcium Phosphate Nanostructures for Bone Regeneration. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 14527. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914527
Anwar A, Kanwal Q, Sadiqa A, Razaq T, Khan IH, Javaid A, Khan S, Tag-Eldin E, Ouladsmane M. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Analysis of High Surface Area Strontium-Substituted Calcium Phosphate Nanostructures for Bone Regeneration. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(19):14527. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914527
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnwar, Aneela, Qudsia Kanwal, Ayesha Sadiqa, Tabassam Razaq, Iqra Haider Khan, Arshad Javaid, Safia Khan, ElSayed Tag-Eldin, and Mohamed Ouladsmane. 2023. "Synthesis and Antimicrobial Analysis of High Surface Area Strontium-Substituted Calcium Phosphate Nanostructures for Bone Regeneration" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 19: 14527. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914527