Dickkopf-Related Protein 1 (DKK-1) as a Possible Link between Bone Erosions and Increased Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Psoriatic Arthritis: An Ultrasound Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Study Group Characteristics
2.2. Correlations of DKK-1 and cIMT for the Evaluation of CVD
2.3. Correlations of DKK-1 and Bone Erosion
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. The Study Cohort
4.2. Laboratory Analysis
4.3. Musculoskeletal Ultrasound
4.4. Cardiovascular Risk Estimation
4.4.1. SCORE Chart
4.4.2. Measurement of Intima-Media Thickness
4.5. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Control Group (n = 13) | PsA (n = 17) | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Female, n (%) | 7 (53.85) | 9 (52.94) | 0.9547 |
Male, n (%) | 6 (46.15) | 8 (47.06) | |
Mean age (years) | 50.15 ± 10.11 | 49.53 ± 9.65 | 0.8774 |
Smoker status (current, %) | 30.76 | 35.29 | 0.9480 |
Disease duration (years) | - | 5.88 ± 4.28 | - |
DAPSA | - | 36.76 ± 12.26 | - |
PASI | - | 17.41 ± 11.12 | - |
Enthesitis, n (presence %) | 0 (0) | 11 (64.71) | <0.001 |
Bone erosion, n (presence %) | 1 (7.69) | 9 (52.94) | 0.0357 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.70 ± 4.42 | 28.89 ± 5.47 | 0.4621 |
TC (mg/dL) | 193.08 ± 42.17 | 211.82 ± 53.70 | 0.4013 |
HDL (mg/dL) | 66.31 ± 12.53 | 43.18 ± 10.35 | 0.4681 |
LDL (mg/dL) | 126.77 ± 48.47 | 168.65 ± 59.25 | 0.5218 |
CRP (mg/L) | 4.09 ± 2.87 | 16.90 ± 12.47 | <0.001 |
DKK-1 (pg/mL) | 8159.86 ± 2232.04 | 10,986.2 ± 4063.56 | 0.0413 |
cIMT (mm) | 0.54 ± 0.09 | 0.68 ± 0.17 | 0.0333 |
Atherosclerotic plaque, n (presence %) | 3 (23.08) | 9 (52.94) | 0.5826 |
SCORE (%) | 7.5 | 13.47 | 0.0240 |
Abnormal Tendon Structure n (%) | Thickened Tendon n (%) | Erosion n (%) | Enthesis Calcification/Enthesophyte n (%) | Enthesis PD n (%) | Bursitis n (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TT | 1 (5.88) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (5.88) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) |
QT | 3 (17.65) | 1 (5.88) | 2 (11.76) | 2 (11.76) | 2 (11.76) | 0 (0.00) |
PP | 1 (5.88) | 1 (5.88) | 1 (5.88) | 1 (5.88) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) |
DP | 3 (17.65) | 2 (11.76) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (5.88) | 1 (5.88) | 0 (0.00) |
AT | 6 (35.29) | 3 (17.65) | 5 (29.41) | 5 (29.41) | 5 (29.41) | 1 (5.88) |
PA | 2 (11.76) | 1 (5.88) | 1 (5.88) | 1 (5.88) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) |
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Biță, C.-E.; Dinescu, Ș.C.; Riza, A.-L.; Ciurea, P.L.; Mușetescu, A.E.; Marinescu, D.; Dumitrașcu, R.M.; Șuiu, L.I.; Ionescu, R.A.; Popoviciu, H.V.; et al. Dickkopf-Related Protein 1 (DKK-1) as a Possible Link between Bone Erosions and Increased Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Psoriatic Arthritis: An Ultrasound Study. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 14970. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914970
Biță C-E, Dinescu ȘC, Riza A-L, Ciurea PL, Mușetescu AE, Marinescu D, Dumitrașcu RM, Șuiu LI, Ionescu RA, Popoviciu HV, et al. Dickkopf-Related Protein 1 (DKK-1) as a Possible Link between Bone Erosions and Increased Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Psoriatic Arthritis: An Ultrasound Study. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(19):14970. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914970
Chicago/Turabian StyleBiță, Cristina-Elena, Ștefan Cristian Dinescu, Anca-Lelia Riza, Paulina Lucia Ciurea, Anca Emanuela Mușetescu, Daniela Marinescu, Roxana Mihaela Dumitrașcu, Larisa Ionela Șuiu, Răzvan Adrian Ionescu, Horațiu Valeriu Popoviciu, and et al. 2023. "Dickkopf-Related Protein 1 (DKK-1) as a Possible Link between Bone Erosions and Increased Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Psoriatic Arthritis: An Ultrasound Study" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 19: 14970. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914970