Transcriptional and Physiological Analysis Reveal New Insights into the Regulation of Fertilization (N, P, K) on the Growth and Synthesis of Medicinal Components of Dendrobium denneanum
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Effects of N, P, and K on the Morphological Characteristics
2.2. Effects of N, P, and K on the Physiological Characteristics of D. denneanum
2.3. Effects of N, P, and K on the Main Medicinal Compounds
2.4. Correlation Analysis
2.5. Principal Component Analysis
2.6. Transcriptome Sequencing Results and Data Assembly
2.7. Differential Gene Analysis Expression of D. denneanum
2.8. GO Functional Enrichment Analysis
2.9. KEGG Functional Enrichment Analysis
2.10. Transcription Factor Classification of Differentially Expressed Genes
2.11. Key Gene Analysis
2.12. RT-qPCR Analysis
3. Discussion
3.1. Effects of N, P, and K on the Growth and Main Medicinal Compounds of D. denneanum
3.2. Effects of T9 Treatment on Gene Expression and Biosynthesis Pathways
3.3. Effect of T9 Treatment on Transcription Factors
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Material and Treatments
4.2. Determination of Morphological Indices
4.3. Determination of Physiological Indices and the Contents of the Main Medicinal Compounds
4.4. Illumina Sequencing
4.5. Transcriptome Data Processing and Analysis
4.6. qRT-PCR
4.7. Data Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chlorophyll | Treatment | 30 d | 60 d | 90 d |
---|---|---|---|---|
(mg·g−1 FW) | (mg·g−1 FW) | (mg·g−1 FW) | ||
Chl. A | T1 | 0.46 ± 0.01 de | 0.75 ± 0.01 d | 0.82 ± 0.03 c |
T2 | 0.51 ± 0.02 c | 0.83 ± 0.02 b | 0.89 ± 0.01 a | |
T3 | 0.43 ± 0.02 f | 0.75 ± 0.01 d | 0.78 ± 0.03 d | |
T4 | 0.49 ± 0.02 cd | 0.77 ± 0.01 c | 0.84 ± 0.01 c | |
T5 | 0.52 ± 0.01 bc | 0.81 ± 0.02 b | 0.86 ± 0.02 b | |
T6 | 0.49 ± 0.04 bc | 0.75 ± 0.03 d | 0.79 ± 0.02 d | |
T7 | 0.57 ± 0.02 a | 0.86 ± 0.01 a | 0.90 ± 0.03 a | |
T8 | 0.55 ± 0.02 ab | 0.85 ± 0.02 a | 0.91 ± 0.02 a | |
T9 | 0.56 ± 0.03 a | 0.87 ± 0.02 a | 0.90 ± 0.04 a | |
CK | 0.45 ± 0.02 ef | 0.72 ± 0.03 e | 0.74 ± 0.05 e | |
Chl. B | T1 | 0.24 ± 0.02 de | 0.38 ± 0.01 f | 0.40 ± 0.02 e |
T2 | 0.26 ± 0.03 b | 0.45 ± 0.02 ab | 0.46 ± 0.01 ab | |
T3 | 0.22 ± 0.02 f | 0.39 ± 0.01 f | 0.42 ± 0.04 cde | |
T4 | 0.25 ± 0.01 bc | 0.43 ± 0.02 ab | 0.44 ± 0.02 bc | |
T5 | 0.30 ± 0.02 a | 0.41 ± 0.01 cd | 0.43 ± 0.03 cd | |
T6 | 0.25 ± 0.01 cd | 0.41 ± 0.02 de | 0.42 ± 0.01 cde | |
T7 | 0.29 ± 0.03 a | 0.45 ± 0.01 a | 0.44 ± 0.05 bc | |
T8 | 0.29 ± 0.02 a | 0.43 ± 0.01 bc | 0.47 ± 0.03 a | |
T9 | 0.30 ± 0.02 a | 0.44 ± 0.02 ab | 0.46 ± 0.02 ab | |
CK | 0.23 ± 0.02 ef | 0.39 ± 0.02 ef | 0.40 ± 0.02 e |
Number of Blades | Maximum Leaf Area | Plant Height | Stem Diameter | Chl. A | Chl. B | Soluble Protein | Soluble Sugar | SOD | POD | CAT | Polysaccharides | Flavonoids | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of blades | 1 | ||||||||||||
Maximum leaf area | 0.320 | 1 | |||||||||||
Plant height | 0.720 * | 0.847 ** | 1 | ||||||||||
Stem diameter | 0.472 | 0.67 1* | 0.772 ** | 1 | |||||||||
Chl. A | 0.398 | 0.898 ** | 0.878 ** | 0.805** | 1 | ||||||||
Chl. B | 0.331 | 0.894 ** | 0.776 ** | 0.578 | 0.865 ** | 1 | |||||||
Soluble protein | 0.290 | 0.708 * | 0.656 * | 0.537 | 0.737 * | 0.734 * | 1 | ||||||
Soluble sugar | 0.046 | 0.832 ** | 0.569 | 0.440 | 0.755 * | 0.646 * | 0.676 * | 1 | |||||
SOD | 0.179 | 0.504 | 0.360 | 0.458 | 0.640 * | 0.531 | 0.505 | 0.670 * | 1 | ||||
POD | 0.331 | 0.638* | 0.599 | 0.745 * | 0.722 * | 0.724 * | 0.749 * | 0.468 | 0.624 | 1 | |||
CAT | −0.066 | 0.556 | 0.266 | 0.179 | 0.430 | 0.473 | 0.353 | 0.719 * | 0.537 | 0.471 | 1 | ||
Polysaccharides | 0.168 | 0.511 | 0.342 | 0.476 | 0.447 | 0.582 | 0.693* | 0.476 | 0.559 | 0.835 ** | 0.577 | 1 | |
Flavonoids | 0.776 ** | 0.579 | 0.748 * | 0.692 * | 0.594 | 0.472 | 0.403 | 0.390 | 0.463 | 0.406 | 0.021 | 0.335 | 1 |
Treatments | Components | Comprehensive Score | Ranking | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | |||
T1 | −1.004 | −1.736 | −0.834 | 9 |
T2 | 0.527 | −1.367 | 0.151 | 4 |
T3 | −0.634 | 0.460 | −0.331 | 7 |
T4 | 0.233 | −0.281 | 0.108 | 5 |
T5 | −0.485 | −0.320 | −0.338 | 8 |
T6 | −0.073 | 0.688 | 0.0421 | 6 |
T7 | 1.070 | 0.254 | 0.688 | 2 |
T8 | 0.899 | −0.211 | 0.524 | 3 |
T9 | 1.301 | 1.197 | 0.949 | 1 |
CK | −1.834 | 1.312 | −0.959 | 10 |
Treatment | N(CH4N2O) mg·L−1 | P(Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O) mg·L−1 | K(K2SO4) mg·L−1 |
---|---|---|---|
T1 (N1P1K1) | 500 | 1000 | 300 |
T2 (N1P2K2) | 500 | 2000 | 500 |
T3 (N1P3K3) | 500 | 3000 | 700 |
T4 (N2P1K2) | 1000 | 1000 | 500 |
T5 (N2P2K3) | 1000 | 2000 | 700 |
T6 (N2P3K1) | 1000 | 3000 | 300 |
T7 (N3P1K3) | 1500 | 1000 | 700 |
T8 (N3P2K1) | 1500 | 2000 | 300 |
T9 (N3P3K2) | 1500 | 3000 | 500 |
CK | 0 | 0 | 0 |
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Fan, Y.; Xu, E.; Wang, G.; He, D.; Ma, J.; Liu, Y.; Li, X.; Luo, A. Transcriptional and Physiological Analysis Reveal New Insights into the Regulation of Fertilization (N, P, K) on the Growth and Synthesis of Medicinal Components of Dendrobium denneanum. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 1522. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021522
Fan Y, Xu E, Wang G, He D, Ma J, Liu Y, Li X, Luo A. Transcriptional and Physiological Analysis Reveal New Insights into the Regulation of Fertilization (N, P, K) on the Growth and Synthesis of Medicinal Components of Dendrobium denneanum. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(2):1522. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021522
Chicago/Turabian StyleFan, Yijun, Erya Xu, Gang Wang, Dingxin He, Jie Ma, Yuanyuan Liu, Xuebing Li, and Aoxue Luo. 2023. "Transcriptional and Physiological Analysis Reveal New Insights into the Regulation of Fertilization (N, P, K) on the Growth and Synthesis of Medicinal Components of Dendrobium denneanum" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 2: 1522. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021522