Effects of Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L. cv. Mopan) Polysaccharide and Their Carboxymethylated Derivatives on Lactobacillus Strains Proliferation and Gut Microbiota: A Comparative Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Chemical Composition of PFP
2.2. Analysis of Carboxymethylation Modification of PFP
2.3. Physicochemical Properties and Structural Characterization of PFP and CM-PFP
2.3.1. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectra of PFP and CM-PFP Analysis
2.3.2. The Mw of PFP and CM-PFP Analysis
2.3.3. Monosaccharide Composition of PFP and CM-PFP Analysis
2.3.4. X-ray Diffraction (XRD)
2.3.5. Zeta Potential of PFP and CM-PFP
2.3.6. Thermal Stability Analysis of PFP and CM-PFP
2.3.7. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of PFP and CM-PFP
2.4. The Effect of PFP and CM-PFP on Lactobacillus Proliferation
2.5. Inhibitory Effects on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus
2.6. In Vitro Fecal Fermentation
2.6.1. SCFAs Produced in PFP and CM-PFP Medium
2.6.2. Phylum-Level Species Relative Abundances
2.6.3. Genus-Level Species Relative Abundance
2.6.4. Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) Abundance Difference Analysis
3. Discussion
3.1. Carboxymethylation of PFP
3.2. Physicochemical Properties and Structural Characterization of PFP and CM-PFP
3.3. In Vitro Proliferation of Lactobacillus Bacteria
3.4. Inhibitory Effects on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus
3.5. In Vitro Fecal Fermentation
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials and Chemicals
4.2. Extraction and Purification of PFP
4.3. Carboxymethylation of PFP
4.4. Physicochemical Properties and Structural Characterization of PFP and CM-PFP
4.4.1. The FTIR Spectra of PFP and CM-PFP Analysis
4.4.2. Measurement of Mw of PFP and CM-PFP
4.4.3. Monosaccharide Composition of PFP and CM-PFP
4.4.4. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Analysis
4.4.5. Zeta Potential Determination
4.4.6. Thermal Analysis
4.4.7. SEM Analysis
4.5. In Vitro Proliferation of Lactobacillus Bacteria
4.6. Inhibitory Effects of PFP and CM-PFP on E. coli and S. aureus
4.7. In Vitro Fecal Fermentation
4.7.1. Analysis of SCFA Production Ability
4.7.2. 16S rRNA Analysis
4.8. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Total Sugar Content (%) | Content of Protein (%) | L* | a* | b* |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crude PFP | 42.8 ± 0.21 | 11.8 ± 0.12 | 7.24 | 77.30 | 11.90 |
Deproteinized PFP | 64.3 ± 0.33 | 3.1 ± 0.04 | 18.68 | 50.19 | 24.28 |
PFP | 77.24 ± 0.07 | 2.9 ± 0.41 | 30.80 | 20.17 | 23.19 |
CM-PFP | 76.58 ± 0.22 | 2.8 ± 0.03 | 32.63 | 18.90 | 21.86 |
Sample | 0–5000 Da | 5000–10,000 Da | 10,000–20,000 Da | Mw | Mn | PD (Mw/Mn) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PFP | 51.668% | 18.868% | 18.132% | 13,327 Da | 2164 Da | 6.126 |
CM-PFP | 8.767% | 64.506% | 35.064% | 16,566 Da | 9502 Da | 1.743 |
Monosaccharides | PFP | CM-PFP |
---|---|---|
Ara | 0.23% | 0.10% |
Gal | 0.38% | 0.16% |
Glc | 95.62% | 97.61% |
Man | 0.99% | 0.62% |
Rib | 0.00% | 1.08% |
GalA | 1.54% | 0.18% |
GulA | 0.66% | 0.25% |
GlcA | 0.58% | 0.00% |
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Shen, X.; Xie, S.; Zhang, H.; Wang, T.; Zhang, B.; Zhao, H. Effects of Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L. cv. Mopan) Polysaccharide and Their Carboxymethylated Derivatives on Lactobacillus Strains Proliferation and Gut Microbiota: A Comparative Study. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 15730. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115730
Shen X, Xie S, Zhang H, Wang T, Zhang B, Zhao H. Effects of Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L. cv. Mopan) Polysaccharide and Their Carboxymethylated Derivatives on Lactobacillus Strains Proliferation and Gut Microbiota: A Comparative Study. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(21):15730. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115730
Chicago/Turabian StyleShen, Xiaowei, Shanshan Xie, Huixin Zhang, Tao Wang, Bolin Zhang, and Hongfei Zhao. 2023. "Effects of Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L. cv. Mopan) Polysaccharide and Their Carboxymethylated Derivatives on Lactobacillus Strains Proliferation and Gut Microbiota: A Comparative Study" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 21: 15730. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115730