Quartz Crystal Microbalance Platform for SARS-CoV-2 Immuno-Diagnostics

Nilsson, Per H.; Al-Majdoub, Mahmoud; Ibrahim, Ahmed; Aseel, Obaidullah; Suriyanarayanan, Subramanian; Andersson, Linnea; Fostock, Samir; Aastrup, Teodor; Tjernberg, Ivar; Rydén, Ingvar; Nicholls, Ian A.

doi:10.3390/ijms242316705

Open AccessCommunication

Quartz Crystal Microbalance Platform for SARS-CoV-2 Immuno-Diagnostics

by

Per H. Nilsson

^1,2,

Mahmoud Al-Majdoub

³,

Ahmed Ibrahim

³,

Obaidullah Aseel

⁴,

Subramanian Suriyanarayanan

¹

,

Linnea Andersson

¹,

Samir Fostock

³,

Teodor Aastrup

³,

Ivar Tjernberg

^5,6

,

Ingvar Rydén

^7,8 and

Ian A. Nicholls

^1,*

¹

Linnaeus University Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden

²

Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Sognsvannsveien 20, NO-0372 Oslo, Norway

³

Attana AB, Greta Arwidssons Väg 21, SE-11419 Stockholm, Sweden

⁴

Medical Programme, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58225 Linköping, Sweden

⁵

Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Region Kalmar County, SE-39185 Kalmar, Sweden

⁶

Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection, Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden

⁷

Department of Research, Region Kalmar County, SE-39185 Kalmar, Sweden

⁸

Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(23), 16705; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242316705

Submission received: 31 August 2023 / Revised: 14 November 2023 / Accepted: 22 November 2023 / Published: 24 November 2023

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Optics in Cell Biology)

Download

Browse Figures

Versions Notes

Abstract

Rapid and accurate serological analysis of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies is important for assessing immune protection from vaccination or infection of individuals and for projecting virus spread within a population. The quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is a label-free flow-based sensor platform that offers an opportunity to detect the binding of a fluid-phase ligand to an immobilized target molecule in real time. A QCM-based assay was developed for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibody binding and evaluated for assay reproducibility. The assay was cross-compared to the Roche electrochemiluminescence assay (ECLIA) Elecsys^® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 serology test kit and YHLO’s chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). The day-to-day reproducibility of the assay had a correlation of r² = 0.99, p < 0.001. The assay linearity was r² = 0.96, p < 0.001, for dilution in both serum and buffer. In the cross-comparison analysis of 119 human serum samples, 59 were positive in the Roche, 52 in the YHLO, and 48 in the QCM immunoassay. Despite differences in the detection method and antigen used for antibody capture, there was good coherence between the assays, 80–100% for positive and 96–100% for negative test results. In summation, the QCM-based SARS-CoV-2 IgG immunoassay showed high reproducibility and linearity, along with good coherence with the ELISA-based assays. Still, factors including antibody titer and antigen-binding affinity may differentially affect the various assays’ responses.

Keywords: chemiluminescence; COVID-19; electrochemiluminescence; quartz crystal microbalance; SARS-CoV-2

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Nilsson, P.H.; Al-Majdoub, M.; Ibrahim, A.; Aseel, O.; Suriyanarayanan, S.; Andersson, L.; Fostock, S.; Aastrup, T.; Tjernberg, I.; Rydén, I.; et al. Quartz Crystal Microbalance Platform for SARS-CoV-2 Immuno-Diagnostics. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 16705. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242316705

AMA Style

Nilsson PH, Al-Majdoub M, Ibrahim A, Aseel O, Suriyanarayanan S, Andersson L, Fostock S, Aastrup T, Tjernberg I, Rydén I, et al. Quartz Crystal Microbalance Platform for SARS-CoV-2 Immuno-Diagnostics. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(23):16705. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242316705

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nilsson, Per H., Mahmoud Al-Majdoub, Ahmed Ibrahim, Obaidullah Aseel, Subramanian Suriyanarayanan, Linnea Andersson, Samir Fostock, Teodor Aastrup, Ivar Tjernberg, Ingvar Rydén, and et al. 2023. "Quartz Crystal Microbalance Platform for SARS-CoV-2 Immuno-Diagnostics" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 23: 16705. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242316705

APA Style

Nilsson, P. H., Al-Majdoub, M., Ibrahim, A., Aseel, O., Suriyanarayanan, S., Andersson, L., Fostock, S., Aastrup, T., Tjernberg, I., Rydén, I., & Nicholls, I. A. (2023). Quartz Crystal Microbalance Platform for SARS-CoV-2 Immuno-Diagnostics. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(23), 16705. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242316705

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Menu

Quartz Crystal Microbalance Platform for SARS-CoV-2 Immuno-Diagnostics

Abstract

Share and Cite

Article Metrics

Article Access Statistics

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI