Combined Metabolome and Transcriptome Analyses Unveil the Molecular Mechanisms of Fruit Acidity Variation in Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Dynamic Changes in the Content of Major Organic Acids in Litchi Pulp during Fruit Development
2.2. Diversity and Variation of Metabolites in Litchi Pulp during Fruit Development
2.3. Differentially Accumulated Metabolites (DAMs) in HZ and B8 Pulps
2.4. Transcriptome Profiles of HZ and B8 Pulps during Fruit Development
2.5. Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) between HZ and B8
2.6. Candidate Genes for Controlling Litchi Fruit Acidity
2.7. Quantitative Real-Time-PCR (qRT-PCR) Validation
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Materials and Sampling
4.2. HPLC Analysis of Organic Acids
4.3. Metabolomics Analysis
4.4. Transcriptomics Sequencing
4.5. Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) Analysis and Functional Annotations
4.6. qRT-PCR Analysis
4.7. Data Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene_ID | Chr | Gene Length | Log2FC_B8-vs.-HZ | Annotation | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S5 | ||||
LITCHI014080.m1 | Chr2 | 8049 | 4.06062 | 4.07972 | 3.57043 | 3.50206 | 4.81101 | Aconitate hydratase |
LITCHI014121.m1 | Chr2 | 2381 | 4.21622 | 5.38847 | 3.22051 | 3.18061 | 3.40981 | |
LITCHI005883.m1 | Chr14 | 10,553 | −5.7443 | −5.6668 | −4.9752 | −3.4136 | −2.6497 | Alcohol dehydrogenase |
LITCHI009351.m2 | Chr7 | 2030 | −4.3612 | −8.2589 | −4.911 | −3.743 | −3.1405 | |
LITCHI009351.m1 | Chr7 | 2717 | −4.7887 | −8.2142 | −4.8992 | −3.9994 | −3.1553 | |
LITCHI009351.m4 | Chr7 | 1613 | −5.0403 | −5.6369 | −4.4061 | −4.5642 | −3.8755 | |
LITCHI014973.m1 | Chr1 | 7813 | −2.3199 | −1.8379 | −3.1671 | −2.699 | −2.8939 | ATP citrate (pro-S)-lyase |
LITCHI015351.m4 | Chr1 | 2941 | 3.24125 | 2.79842 | 3.06652 | 2.04997 | −1.1406 | |
LITCHI004325.m6 | Chr14 | 5042 | 2.57725 | −4.5858 | NA | −1.2316 | −0.1214 | Citrate synthase |
LITCHI020148.m5 | Chr12 | 7582 | 0.84976 | 2.50526 | 1.33812 | 1.30628 | 3.19904 | Glutamate decarboxylase |
LITCHI003343.m3 | Chr6 | 2915 | 0.28903 | 2.36364 | 4.60759 | 4.35457 | 3.36485 | Glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+) |
LITCHI014417.m1 | Chr1 | 766 | −7.4384 | −7.6799 | −7.6302 | −5.9068 | −4.2463 | Glutamate receptor, ionotropic, plant |
LITCHI018688.m1 | Chr15 | 10,459 | 7.74389 | 6.88227 | 3.17553 | 6.89497 | 6.98392 | Glutamine synthetase |
LITCHI017210.m2 | Chr1 | 4944 | −3.8161 | −4.6483 | −4.8736 | −5.3081 | −3.0973 | Malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) (NADP+) |
LITCHI017210.m4 | Chr1 | 3658 | 5.80302 | 3.57723 | 3.80498 | −1.4727 | −0.0223 | |
LITCHI017210.m3 | Chr1 | 3658 | 5.80302 | 3.57723 | 3.80498 | −1.4727 | −0.0223 | |
LITCHI006460.m2 | Chr11 | 3827 | 1.20331 | 2.45027 | 0.9708 | 2.73029 | 3.01809 | Malate dehydrogenase |
LITCHI021353.m1 | Chr12 | 1611 | −5.6461 | −7.5779 | −6.5181 | −3.9782 | −2.512 | Malate synthase |
LITCHI014881.m2 | Chr1 | 685 | −1.8423 | −3.6235 | −2.9322 | −3.2504 | −2.7075 | Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 2 |
LITCHI012899.m9 | Chr2 | 2105 | 2.28868 | NA | 4.47104 | 0.66693 | −5.3621 | Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase |
LITCHI005456.m2 | Chr14 | 15,180 | −1.1193 | −1.4388 | −0.656 | 0.06627 | 7.75064 | |
LITCHI027191.m3 | Chr3 | 7665 | −5.1948 | −6.1722 | −7.9115 | −8.4677 | −8.1616 | Pyruvate dehydrogenase |
LITCHI027947.m4 | Chr3 | 3598 | −2.4055 | −1.1367 | −0.0642 | −3.5808 | −2.4764 | Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase |
LITCHI014910.m2 | Chr1 | 4544 | 0.58152 | −2.1858 | −4.5882 | −7.1461 | −4.1166 | Pyruvate kinase |
LITCHI006026.m1 | Chr14 | 7987 | 5.73614 | 5.63149 | 5.63661 | 5.5364 | 5.40993 | |
LITCHI010636.m1 | Chr8 | 975 | 2.35935 | 2.91427 | −2.8211 | −1.5014 | 1.12691 | Solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial oxoglutarate transporter) |
LITCHI007011.m3 | Chr11 | 2142 | 0.83409 | 3.09493 | 0.71148 | −1.2857 | 2.30272 | |
LITCHI013926.m3 | Chr2 | 3341 | NA | NA | 0.4415 | 3.81511 | 2.8162 | 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase |
BGI_novel_G000750 | Chr4 | 6972 | 4.11965 | 1.87247 | 1.78248 | 2.097 | 0.82182 | Succinyl-CoA synthetase |
LITCHI026501.m2 | Chr3 | 5631 | 3.79998 | 7.99249 | 7.43426 | 7.79962 | 7.75682 | Fumarate hydratase |
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Jiang, Y.; Qi, Y.; Chen, X.; Yan, Q.; Chen, J.; Liu, H.; Shi, F.; Wen, Y.; Cai, C.; Ou, L. Combined Metabolome and Transcriptome Analyses Unveil the Molecular Mechanisms of Fruit Acidity Variation in Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.). Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 1871. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24031871
Jiang Y, Qi Y, Chen X, Yan Q, Chen J, Liu H, Shi F, Wen Y, Cai C, Ou L. Combined Metabolome and Transcriptome Analyses Unveil the Molecular Mechanisms of Fruit Acidity Variation in Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.). International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(3):1871. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24031871
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiang, Yonghua, Yingwei Qi, Xilong Chen, Qian Yan, Jiezhen Chen, Hailun Liu, Fachao Shi, Yingjie Wen, Changhe Cai, and Liangxi Ou. 2023. "Combined Metabolome and Transcriptome Analyses Unveil the Molecular Mechanisms of Fruit Acidity Variation in Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 3: 1871. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24031871
APA StyleJiang, Y., Qi, Y., Chen, X., Yan, Q., Chen, J., Liu, H., Shi, F., Wen, Y., Cai, C., & Ou, L. (2023). Combined Metabolome and Transcriptome Analyses Unveil the Molecular Mechanisms of Fruit Acidity Variation in Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.). International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(3), 1871. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24031871