Next Article in Journal
How Organ-on-a-Chip Technology Can Assist in Studying the Role of the Glymphatic System in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Next Article in Special Issue
Bacterial Infections and Cancer: Exploring This Association And Its Implications for Cancer Patients
Previous Article in Journal
Metabolic and Molecular Response to High-Fat Diet Differs between Rats with Constitutionally High and Low Serotonin Tone
Previous Article in Special Issue
Liposomal Delivery of Saquinavir to Macrophages Overcomes Cathepsin Blockade by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Helps Control the Phagosomal Replicative Niches
 
 
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Review

The Lung Microbiome: A New Frontier for Lung and Brain Disease

1
Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
2
Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
3
School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
4
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
5
Clinical Oncology Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Cancer Metastasis and Personalized Therapy, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, China
6
Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(3), 2170; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032170
Submission received: 3 December 2022 / Revised: 17 January 2023 / Accepted: 18 January 2023 / Published: 21 January 2023

Abstract

Due to the limitations of culture techniques, the lung in a healthy state is traditionally considered to be a sterile organ. With the development of non-culture-dependent techniques, the presence of low-biomass microbiomes in the lungs has been identified. The species of the lung microbiome are similar to those of the oral microbiome, suggesting that the microbiome is derived passively within the lungs from the oral cavity via micro-aspiration. Elimination, immigration, and relative growth within its communities all contribute to the composition of the lung microbiome. The lung microbiome is reportedly altered in many lung diseases that have not traditionally been considered infectious or microbial, and potential pathways of microbe–host crosstalk are emerging. Recent studies have shown that the lung microbiome also plays an important role in brain autoimmunity. There is a close relationship between the lungs and the brain, which can be called the lung–brain axis. However, the problem now is that it is not well understood how the lung microbiota plays a role in the disease—specifically, whether there is a causal connection between disease and the lung microbiome. The lung microbiome includes bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. However, fungi and viruses have not been fully studied compared to bacteria in the lungs. In this review, we mainly discuss the role of the lung microbiome in chronic lung diseases and, in particular, we summarize the recent progress of the lung microbiome in multiple sclerosis, as well as the lung–brain axis.
Keywords: lung microbiome; chronic lung diseases; lung cancer; multiple sclerosis; lung–brain axis lung microbiome; chronic lung diseases; lung cancer; multiple sclerosis; lung–brain axis

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Chen, J.; Li, T.; Ye, C.; Zhong, J.; Huang, J.-D.; Ke, Y.; Sun, H. The Lung Microbiome: A New Frontier for Lung and Brain Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 2170. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032170

AMA Style

Chen J, Li T, Ye C, Zhong J, Huang J-D, Ke Y, Sun H. The Lung Microbiome: A New Frontier for Lung and Brain Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(3):2170. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032170

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen, Jiawen, Ting Li, Chun Ye, Jiasheng Zhong, Jian-Dong Huang, Yiquan Ke, and Haitao Sun. 2023. "The Lung Microbiome: A New Frontier for Lung and Brain Disease" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 3: 2170. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032170

APA Style

Chen, J., Li, T., Ye, C., Zhong, J., Huang, J.-D., Ke, Y., & Sun, H. (2023). The Lung Microbiome: A New Frontier for Lung and Brain Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(3), 2170. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032170

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop