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Review

Significance of Singlet Oxygen Molecule in Pathologies

1
Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan
2
Department of Ophthalmology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
3
Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda 563-8577, Japan
4
LG Japan Lab Inc., Yokohama 220-0011, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(3), 2739; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032739
Submission received: 11 December 2022 / Revised: 22 January 2023 / Accepted: 26 January 2023 / Published: 1 February 2023

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species, including singlet oxygen, play an important role in the onset and progression of disease, as well as in aging. Singlet oxygen can be formed non-enzymatically by chemical, photochemical, and electron transfer reactions, or as a byproduct of endogenous enzymatic reactions in phagocytosis during inflammation. The imbalance of antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant networks with the generation of singlet oxygen increases oxidative stress, resulting in the undesirable oxidation and modification of biomolecules, such as proteins, DNA, and lipids. This review describes the molecular mechanisms of singlet oxygen production in vivo and methods for the evaluation of damage induced by singlet oxygen. The involvement of singlet oxygen in the pathogenesis of skin and eye diseases is also discussed from the biomolecular perspective. We also present our findings on lipid oxidation products derived from singlet oxygen-mediated oxidation in glaucoma, early diabetes patients, and a mouse model of bronchial asthma. Even in these diseases, oxidation products due to singlet oxygen have not been measured clinically. This review discusses their potential as biomarkers for diagnosis. Recent developments in singlet oxygen scavengers such as carotenoids, which can be utilized to prevent the onset and progression of disease, are also described.
Keywords: reactive oxygen species; singlet oxygen; biomarkers; lipid peroxidation reactive oxygen species; singlet oxygen; biomarkers; lipid peroxidation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Murotomi, K.; Umeno, A.; Shichiri, M.; Tanito, M.; Yoshida, Y. Significance of Singlet Oxygen Molecule in Pathologies. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 2739. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032739

AMA Style

Murotomi K, Umeno A, Shichiri M, Tanito M, Yoshida Y. Significance of Singlet Oxygen Molecule in Pathologies. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(3):2739. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032739

Chicago/Turabian Style

Murotomi, Kazutoshi, Aya Umeno, Mototada Shichiri, Masaki Tanito, and Yasukazu Yoshida. 2023. "Significance of Singlet Oxygen Molecule in Pathologies" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 3: 2739. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032739

APA Style

Murotomi, K., Umeno, A., Shichiri, M., Tanito, M., & Yoshida, Y. (2023). Significance of Singlet Oxygen Molecule in Pathologies. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(3), 2739. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032739

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