Hyperbaric Oxygenation Prevents Loss of Immature Neurons in the Adult Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Following Brain Injury
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. SCA Leads to Layer-Specific Neurodegeneration in the Hippocampal DG
2.2. HBOT Prevents/Ameliorates SCA-Provoked Loss of Neurons in the GCL of the Hippocampal DG
2.3. Cell Type of Neurons Undergoing Neurodegeneration in the Hippocampal DG Following SCA Injury and HBOT
2.3.1. HBOT Prevents Loss of DCX-Positive Newborn Immature Neurons in the GCL of the Hippocampal DG Following SCA Injury
2.3.2. HBOT Prevents SCA-Caused Neuronal Loss and Dendrite Degeneration of Newborn Immature Neurons in the SGZ of the Hippocampal DG
2.3.3. HBOT Prevents Loss of DCX/TUJ1-Positive Newborn Immature Neurons in the GCL of the Hippocampal DG Following SCA Injury
2.4. Proliferation of Ki67-Positive Newborn Immature Neurons Co-Labeled with DCX in the SGZ of the Hippocampal DG Following SCA Injury and HBOT
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Animals
4.2. Surgical Procedure
4.3. Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment
4.4. Brain Tissue Preparation
4.5. Immunohistochemistry and Immunofluorescence Staining
4.6. Quantification of Immunoreactive Cells
4.7. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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C | SCA | SCA + HBO | p | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SCA vs. C | SCA + HBO vs. C | SCA + HBO vs. SCA | ||||
DTL | 261.08 ± 24.39 | 148.60 ± 21.25 | 211.51 ± 28.40 | <0.001 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
ASL | 19.08 ± 1.70 | 25.41 ± 2.84 | 20.46 ± 3.67 | <0.01 | 0.69 | <0.05 |
BP | 6.56 ± 0.96 | 2.57 ± 0.53 | 4.83 ± 0.35 | <0.001 | <0.01 | <0.001 |
Antibody | Source | Dilution | Company |
---|---|---|---|
doublecortin | Goat | 1:200 | Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA |
TUJ1 | mouse | 1:400 | Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA |
NeuN | mouse | 1:200 | Milipore, Burlington, MA, USA |
Ki67 | rabbit | 1:100 | Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA, USA |
anti-goat HRP conjugated IgG | donkey | 1:200 | Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA |
anti-goat Alexa Fluor 488 | donkey | 1:200 | Invitrogen (Eugene, OR, USA) |
anti-mouse Alexa Fluor 555 | donkey | 1:200 | Invitrogen (Eugene, OR, USA) |
anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 555 | donkey | 1:200 | Invitrogen (Eugene, OR, USA) |
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Jeremic, R.; Pekovic, S.; Lavrnja, I.; Bjelobaba, I.; Djelic, M.; Dacic, S.; Brkic, P. Hyperbaric Oxygenation Prevents Loss of Immature Neurons in the Adult Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Following Brain Injury. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 4261. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054261
Jeremic R, Pekovic S, Lavrnja I, Bjelobaba I, Djelic M, Dacic S, Brkic P. Hyperbaric Oxygenation Prevents Loss of Immature Neurons in the Adult Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Following Brain Injury. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(5):4261. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054261
Chicago/Turabian StyleJeremic, Rada, Sanja Pekovic, Irena Lavrnja, Ivana Bjelobaba, Marina Djelic, Sanja Dacic, and Predrag Brkic. 2023. "Hyperbaric Oxygenation Prevents Loss of Immature Neurons in the Adult Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Following Brain Injury" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 5: 4261. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054261