Histone Deacetylases (HDACs): Promising Biomarkers and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Thymic Epithelial Tumors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Expression of HDAC1 in TETs and Associations with Clinicopathological Characteristics
2.2. Expression of HDAC2 in TETs and Associations with Clinicopathological Characteristics
2.3. Expression of HDAC3 in TETs and Associations with Clinicopathological Characteristics
2.4. Expression of HDAC4 in TETs and Associations with Clinicopathological Characteristics
2.5. Expression of HDAC5 in TETs and Associations with Clinicopathological Characteristics
2.6. Expression of HDAC6 in TETs and Associations with Clinicopathological Characteristics
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Patients’ Characteristics
4.2. Immunohistochemistry
4.3. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Median | Range |
---|---|---|
Age | 62 | 27–88 years |
Number | % | |
Gender | ||
Male | 39/91 | 43% |
Female | 52/91 | 57% |
WHO subtypes | ||
Type A | 12/91 | 13.6% |
Type AB | 19/91 | 20.8% |
Type B1 | 14/91 | 15.4% |
Type B2 | 19/91 | 20.8% |
Type B3 | 14/91 | 15.4% |
Micronodular with lymphoid stroma | 2/91 | 2.2% |
Thymic carcinoma | 11/91 | 12.1% |
Masaoka–Koga stage | ||
I | 13/81 | 16% |
IIa | 32/81 | 39.5% |
IIb | 14/81 | 17.3% |
III | 64/81 | 19.7% |
IVa | 3/81 | 3.7% |
IVb | 3/81 | 3.7% |
Presence of myasthenia gravis | 35/59 | 59.3% |
Presence of chemotherapy | 11/39 | 28% |
Presence of radiotherapy | 19/38 | 50% |
Event | ||
Alive | 29/40. follow-up 5–134 months | 72.5% |
Dead of disease | 11/40. within 7–65 months | 27.5% |
Presence of relapse | 4/35. within 58–65 months | 11% |
Positivity Rate | H-Score, Median | H-Score, Range | |
---|---|---|---|
HDAC1 nuclear expression | 96.5% | 200 | 0–300 |
HDAC1 cytoplasmic expression | 3.5% | 0 | 0–40 |
HDAC2 nuclear/cytoplasmic expression | 97% | 85 | 0–300 |
HDAC3 nuclear expression | 94% | 140 | 0–300 |
HDAC3 cytoplasmic expression | 77% | 100 | 0–200 |
HDAC4 cytoplasmic expression | 70% | 45 | 0–210 |
HDAC5 nuclear expression | 13% | 0 | 0–20 |
HDAC5 cytoplasmic expression | 62% | 45 | 0–300 |
HDAC6 cytoplasmic expression | 29.6% | 0 | 0–100 |
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Palamaris, K.; Tzimou, L.-M.; Levidou, G.; Masaoutis, C.; Theochari, I.; Rontogianni, D.; Theocharis, S. Histone Deacetylases (HDACs): Promising Biomarkers and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Thymic Epithelial Tumors. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 4263. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054263
Palamaris K, Tzimou L-M, Levidou G, Masaoutis C, Theochari I, Rontogianni D, Theocharis S. Histone Deacetylases (HDACs): Promising Biomarkers and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Thymic Epithelial Tumors. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(5):4263. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054263
Chicago/Turabian StylePalamaris, Kostas, Luisa-Maria Tzimou, Georgia Levidou, Christos Masaoutis, Irene Theochari, Dimitra Rontogianni, and Stamatios Theocharis. 2023. "Histone Deacetylases (HDACs): Promising Biomarkers and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Thymic Epithelial Tumors" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 5: 4263. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054263