κ-Selenocarrageenan Oligosaccharides Prepared by Deep-Sea Enzyme Alleviate Inflammatory Responses and Modulate Gut Microbiota in Ulcerative Colitis Mice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Enzymology Experiment
2.1.1. Bioinformatics Analysis of SeCar
2.1.2. Expression and Purification of SeCar
2.1.3. Biochemical Properties of SeCar
2.2. Determination and Evaluation of KSCOs Structure
2.2.1. Electrospray Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS) Analysis
2.2.2. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy Analysis
2.2.3. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
2.3. Effects of KSCOs on the UC Mice
2.3.1. KSCOs Relieved Symptoms of UC
2.3.2. KSCOs Regulated the Inflammatory Responses
2.3.3. KSCOs Reshaped the Composition of Gut Microbiota
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Enzymology Experiment
4.1.1. Bioinformatics Analysis
4.1.2. Expression and Purification
4.1.3. Biochemical Properties
4.2. Isolation of the KSCOs
4.3. Molecular Weight of KSCOs
4.4. Purification of KSCOs
4.5. Structure Analysis of KSCOs
4.5.1. ESI-MS and TLC Analysis
4.5.2. Spectroscopy Analysis
4.6. Induction of UC in Mice and Treatment with KSCOs
4.6.1. Experimental Animals
4.6.2. Experimental Procedures
4.6.3. Assessment of Colitis
4.6.4. MPO Activity Analysis
4.6.5. Level of Cytokines in Serum
4.6.6. SCFAs Analysis
4.6.7. Gut Microbiota Analysis
4.7. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Residue | Chemical Shift (ppm) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H1 | H2 | H3 | H4 | H5 | H6 | |
→3)-β-G4S-(1→ | 4.67 | 3.45 | 3.90 | 4.86 | 3.73 | 3.69 |
→4)-α-DA 1-(1→ | 5.25 | 4.11 | 4.55 | 4.64 | 4.67 | 4.17 |
→3)-G4S 2 rα | 5.40/5.37 |
Residue | Chemical Shift (ppm) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 | C6 | |
→3)-β-G4S-(1→ | 101.6 | 71.5 | 79.3 | 73.2 | 75.5 | 62.1 |
→3)-β-G4Se-(1→ | 101.3 | 71.2 | 79.0 | 73.1 | 74.9 | 62.1 |
→4)-ɑ-DA-(1→ | 97.4 | 70.9 | 79.0 | 78.9 | 75.7 | 70.0 |
→3)-G4Srα | 93.5 | 70.0 | 76.1 | 73.4 | 74.3 | 62.1 |
Parameters | Score | |
---|---|---|
Weight loss | 0% | 0 |
1–5% | 1 | |
6–10% | 2 | |
11–15% | 3 | |
>15% | 4 | |
Fecal traits | Normal | 0 |
Soft stools | 2 | |
Diarrhea | 4 | |
Hematochezia | Normal | 0 |
Presence of blood | 2 | |
Abundant bleeding | 4 |
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Wang, K.; Qin, L.; Cao, J.; Zhang, L.; Liu, M.; Qu, C.; Miao, J. κ-Selenocarrageenan Oligosaccharides Prepared by Deep-Sea Enzyme Alleviate Inflammatory Responses and Modulate Gut Microbiota in Ulcerative Colitis Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 4672. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054672
Wang K, Qin L, Cao J, Zhang L, Liu M, Qu C, Miao J. κ-Selenocarrageenan Oligosaccharides Prepared by Deep-Sea Enzyme Alleviate Inflammatory Responses and Modulate Gut Microbiota in Ulcerative Colitis Mice. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(5):4672. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054672
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Kai, Ling Qin, Junhan Cao, Liping Zhang, Ming Liu, Changfeng Qu, and Jinlai Miao. 2023. "κ-Selenocarrageenan Oligosaccharides Prepared by Deep-Sea Enzyme Alleviate Inflammatory Responses and Modulate Gut Microbiota in Ulcerative Colitis Mice" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 5: 4672. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054672