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Review

Molecular Mechanisms of Neurogenic Inflammation of the Skin

by
Luiza Marek-Jozefowicz
1,*,
Bogusław Nedoszytko
2,3,
Małgorzata Grochocka
1,
Michał A. Żmijewski
4,
Rafał Czajkowski
1,
Wiesław J. Cubała
5 and
Andrzej T. Slominski
6,7
1
Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
2
Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
3
Molecular Laboratory, Invicta Fertility and Reproductive Centre, 81-740 Sopot, Poland
4
Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
5
Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki St. 7 Build. 25, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland
6
Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 500 22nd Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
7
Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1824 6th Avenue, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(5), 5001; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24055001
Submission received: 8 January 2023 / Revised: 23 February 2023 / Accepted: 1 March 2023 / Published: 5 March 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogenesis of Chronic Inflammatory Skin Diseases in the "Omics" Era)
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Abstract

The skin, including the hypodermis, is the largest body organ and is in constant contact with the environment. Neurogenic inflammation is the result of the activity of nerve endings and mediators (neuropeptides secreted by nerve endings in the development of the inflammatory reaction in the skin), as well as interactions with other cells such as keratinocytes, Langerhans cells, endothelial cells and mast cells. The activation of TRPV–ion channels results in an increase in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P, induces the release of other pro-inflammatory mediators and contributes to the maintenance of cutaneous neurogenic inflammation (CNI) in diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, prurigo and rosacea. Immune cells present in the skin (mononuclear cells, dendritic cells and mast cells) also express TRPV1, and their activation directly affects their function. The activation of TRPV1 channels mediates communication between sensory nerve endings and skin immune cells, increasing the release of inflammatory mediators (cytokines and neuropeptides). Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the generation, activation and modulation of neuropeptide and neurotransmitter receptors in cutaneous cells can aid in the development of effective treatments for inflammatory skin disorders.
Keywords: molecular mechanisms; neurogenic inflammation molecular mechanisms; neurogenic inflammation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Marek-Jozefowicz, L.; Nedoszytko, B.; Grochocka, M.; Żmijewski, M.A.; Czajkowski, R.; Cubała, W.J.; Slominski, A.T. Molecular Mechanisms of Neurogenic Inflammation of the Skin. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 5001. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24055001

AMA Style

Marek-Jozefowicz L, Nedoszytko B, Grochocka M, Żmijewski MA, Czajkowski R, Cubała WJ, Slominski AT. Molecular Mechanisms of Neurogenic Inflammation of the Skin. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(5):5001. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24055001

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marek-Jozefowicz, Luiza, Bogusław Nedoszytko, Małgorzata Grochocka, Michał A. Żmijewski, Rafał Czajkowski, Wiesław J. Cubała, and Andrzej T. Slominski. 2023. "Molecular Mechanisms of Neurogenic Inflammation of the Skin" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 5: 5001. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24055001

APA Style

Marek-Jozefowicz, L., Nedoszytko, B., Grochocka, M., Żmijewski, M. A., Czajkowski, R., Cubała, W. J., & Slominski, A. T. (2023). Molecular Mechanisms of Neurogenic Inflammation of the Skin. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(5), 5001. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24055001

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